Vol 6, No 2 (2013)

The accommodation tonus, subjective and objective parameters of accommodation were examined in 130 patients aged 6–18 years (average age 11.26 ± 0.2) with various degrees of myopia. The accommodation state was determined using subjective methods (relative accommodation reserves, amplitude of accommodation) and objective methods (binocular and monocular accommodative responses, the objective relative accommodation reserves, the habitual tonus of accommodation in the open field, tonus of accommodation rest). It was revealed, that accommodation tonus measured in the virtual, open and non-oriented spaces had different values. Myopic patients showed the highest values of the tonus accommodation rest (–0.77 ± 0.03) and the lowest values (–0.17 ± 0.02) of the habitual tonus of accommodation in the open field. A synchronic decrease of subjective and objective parameters of accommodation was revealed in children and teenagers with myopia. The subjective-measured accommodation reserves showed higher values compared to objective-measured ones. A significant difference of examined parameters between fellow eyes was revealed in anisometropic myopia: the common tonus of accommodation in virtual, as well as in real space was higher in eyes with lower myopia; in eyes with higher myopia, the tonus showed negative values in both cases. The monocular accommodative response was the same in the paired eyes, the binocular accommodative response was significantly higher in eyes with higher myopia.

A continuous statistical study of primary disability dynamics in ophthalmic patients during 2006–2011, according to the data from the branch # 7. For the entire observation period, a decrease in number of people first-time recognized as disabled was found. The nosologic structure of primary disability is shown, with glaucoma occupying the first place for the entire observation period, and myopia the second one during the last 5 years. Decreasing disability due to lens changes was found, from the second rank to the 6th one. An increase in primary disability due to AMD was recognized, moving AMD from the 10th place to the 3rd. A group analysis of patients, in whom glaucoma was a disabling condition, was performed. In 88–93% of cases, these persons were of retirement age. Higher prevalence of disability was noted among urban population. Among rural population in comparison with urban one, there were more group I and less group II disabled persons.

In this research we compare the efficiency of noninvasive intraocular-delivering methods of different dosage forms of levofloxacin (LF) with the help of soft contact lens (SCL) and eye drops of LF and LF with the presence of prolongator — hypromellose. It is revealed, that SCL saturated with levofloxacin achieve therapeutic concentration in aqueous humor. This is due to the gradual release of antibiotic from the SCL in the anterior chamber. Installations of eye drops of LF and LF with hypromellose achieve minimum inhibitory concentration of fluoroquinolone in aqueous humor during 3 and 5 hours respectively. It is discussed the using of each dosage form in preventive and therapeutic purposes.

From 2005, an estimation of possible neuroprotective cytomedine Retinalamin action was carried out using objective investigation methods in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma stage 1 and 2 and in those with dry AMD, both being debilitating ophthalmic conditions.

Background: Due to the growing resistance of causative microorganisms to previous generations of antibiotics and to the risk of post-op infectious complications associated with it, an efficacy and safety assessment of modern fluoroquinolones’ prophylactic topical administration appears to be reasonable. Purpose: To investigate the efficacy and safety of levofloxacin 0.5 % ophthalmic solution (Oftaquix®, Santen, Finland) topical use in modern excimer laser refractive surgery (LASIK). Material and methods: Patients were randomized into two treatment groups: Thirty two patients (64 eyes) were treated with levofloxacin 0.5 % ophthalmic solution (Oftaquix®, Santen, Finland) b.i.d. and thirty patients (60 eyes) received tobramycine 0.3 % eye drops (Tobrex®, Alcon-Couvreur, Belgium) q. t.d., both during first 7 days post-op. LASIK procedure using excimer laser MEL-80 (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Germany) and mechanical microkeratome LSK Moria Evolution-2 (Moria, France) was performed in all patients for myopia from –1.0 to –12.0 D. Patient’s age varied from 18 to 40 years (mean age 28.4±7.8). Results: During topical application of Oftaquix® and Tobrex® in our refractive surgery patients there were no topical, or systemic adverse reactions, or allergic reactions. Oftaquix® and Tobrex® had good topical tolerability. Therapeutic dosage regimen, sufficient in terms of anti-infective prophylaxis, in case of Oftaquix® was twice as low in comparison to Tobrex®. Tear film break-up time (TFBUT) preand post-op was comparable between groups. In both groups, TFBUT post-op was significantly lower compared to pre-op values (p < 0.01). Tear production (Shirmer-I test) in both groups remained almost the same (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Oftaquix® (Santen, Finland) ophthalmic solution is effective and safe for prevention of infectious complications after LASIK and appears to be a rational alternative to tobramycine 0.3 % eye drops (Tobrex®, Alcon-Couvreur, Belgium).

In the article, a coloboma of the choroid is described simulating optic disc duplicaton as well as modern possibilities of instrumental work-up methods, which allowed to make a diagnosis. A coloboma (from the Greek koloboma, meaning defect) — is a defect of lid tissues, iris, choroid or optic nerve. A coloboma may be сongenital or acquired. A typical coloboma of the choroid is localized in the lower part of the eye fundus. At times, it comes down to the optic disc, and sometimes involves it as well. The white color of the defect is due to the show-through of the sclera, because the choroid here is completely absent. Corresponding to the coloboma of the choroid, the retina is hypoplastic or absent at times. An optic disc duplication — at this anomaly there are two optic discs on the eye fundus. Sometimes, both may be phtitical and hypoplastic, but more often one of them is hypoplastic, and the second one is performing its function. A true optic disc duplication comes out of the optic nerve partition into 2 or more fascicles. The duplicated optic nerve is pointed out by two optic foramens in one orbit by radiographic analysis, two blind spots in the visual field of one eye, simultaneous central retinal artery pulsation on both optic discs. Ultrasonic B-scanning or OCT and MRI may confirm the existence of a true optic nerve and optic disc duplication. A pseudo-duplication of the optic disc is also very rare and represents a well delineated defect, close to the normal optic disc and simulating an ancillary optic disc with an adjoining area of chorioretinal atrophy.

The expediency of the organization of the phthisioophthalmology section at the scientific medical society for the benefit of quality improvement in diagnosis and treatment for patients with ophthalmic tuberculosis is established. Data are presented on the dynamic activity of the the phthisioophthalmology section at the Saint-Petersburg scientific medical society of ophthalmologists, and on its main results.