Энхондромы кисти у детей: современные представления о этиопатогенезе, диагностике и лечении. Обзор литературы.

Background. The prevalence of benign bone tumors in pediatric patients determines there relevance of their study for orthopedists. This article is devoted to the enchondroma of the hand in children. Despite the frequency of the occurrence of this pathology, the lack of clinical recommendations for this nosology explains the relevance of the preparation of this publication.

Aim. To analyze and systematize data from domestic and foreign literature on the issues of etiopathogenesis, classification, diagnosis and treatment of hand enchondromas in children.

Materials and methods. Based on databases of full-text publications on the websites CyberLeninka, eLibrary, PubMed, Scopus for the period from 1990 to 2023, 70 full-text manuscripts were taken into analysis from 387 sources.

Results. The review reflects modern ideas about the etiopathogenesis, difficulties of diagnosis and treatment, and prognosis for enchondromas of the hand in children. In the diagnosis of hand enchondromas, the priority research method is radiation diagnostic methods - radiography and computed tomography. A mandatory method is histological verification of the diagnosis. Particular attention is paid to the tactics of surgical treatment: the choice of the optimal timing and volume of surgical intervention, the choice of material for replacing bone defects, risk factors for the development of relapses and their frequency.

Conclusion. The analysis literature made it possible to systematize data on the etiopathogenesis of hand enchondromas, determine the priority of diagnostic measures, organize data on the criteria for diagnosis and differential diagnosis of hand enchondromas, as well as approaches to the choice of tactics and methods of treatment. The decision on the choice of treatment tactics, method and timing of treatment should be personalized and take into account the patient’s age, localization and histogenesis of the tumor process, if necessary, data from additional research methods and the risk of complications. This decision should be a collegial one, taking into account the opinion of the involved specialists - an orthopedic oncologist, a radiologist, a pathologist, a rehabilitation physician and other specialists, if necessary, based on data from objective research methods.