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Evaluation of the Effect of Cell-Seeded Polycaprolactone Implants on Regenerative Processes in Rabbit Jaw Bone Defects
- Authors: Dombrovskaya D.J.1, Enukashvily N.I.2, Dubinenko G.E.3, Dubinenko S.I.4, Rumiantseva E.A.1, Badaraev A.D.3, Bagaeva V.V.1, Kravets O.N.1, Sakhanov A.A.1, Dosaeva O.J.1, Bukarova S.E.1, Kotov M.I.1, Semenova N.Y.5,6, Novosad Y.A.7, Safonov P.А.7, Vissarionov S.V.8, Semyonov M.G.9, Silin A.V.1
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Affiliations:
- North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov
- North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov,
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk Polytechnic University
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050, Tomsk, Russia
- Federal State Budgetary Institution «Almazov National Medical Research Centre», Ministry of Health of Russia
- Russian Research Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology, Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia of Russia
- H. Turner National Medical Research Center for Сhildren’s Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery
- H. Turner National Medical Research Center for Children’s Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery
- North-Western State Medical University n.a. I.I. Mechnikov
- Section: Experimental and theoretical research
- Submitted: 05.10.2025
- Accepted: 20.11.2025
- Published: 20.11.2025
- URL: https://journals.eco-vector.com/turner/article/view/691960
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/PTORS691960
- ID: 691960
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Abstract
Background: One of the key foci of modern regenerative medicine is creating personalized biomedical cellular products that can replace bone defects. These preparations consist of a cellular component, a scaffold that retains cells and maintains bone's supporting function, and auxiliary components. However, in vitro experiments cannot evaluate the effect of these constructs on bone tissue regeneration or the systemic response of the recipient organism.
Aim : The objective was to determine the outcome of implanting polycaprolactone (PCL), hydroxyapatite (HA), and dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) into areas with bone defects in rabbits' jaws.
Methods: Porous PCL+HA scaffolds were used that corresponded to the shape of the bone defect. On the mucosal side, the implants were either poreless or coated with copper to prevent mucosal ingrowth. Adhesion of the DPSC to the scaffolds was assessed using LUCS®13, a fluorescent, cell-permeant dye, and rhodamine-phalloidin staining. The swelling rate of the scaffolds at 37°C was measured using the weighting method. After the rabbit DPSCs labeled with iron oxide nanoparticles adhered to and proliferated on the scaffold for three days, the implant was placed in the bone defect area where a tooth had been extracted. Ten Russian Chinchilla rabbits (1-1.5 years old) had their first premolars removed from both sides of their upper and lower jaws. Then, the scaffolds seeded with DPSC were placed in the defect area. Four months later, a pathomorphological study of the implant area was performed. The degree of fibrosis, inflammation, and bone tissue remodeling were evaluated in hematoxylin-eosin-stained preparations, as well as the distribution of iron oxide nanoparticle-labeled DPSCs using Perls staining.
Results: In the area of implant placement, cell-containing and cell-free scaffolds both accelerate bone defect and fibrosis remodeling without forming rough scars. The copper-sprayed PCL scaffold group showed the best correlation of parameters, including minimal inflammation, the maximum stage of bone tissue remodeling, and connective tissue maturity in the implantation area.
Conclusion: The obtained data confirm the potential of this approach for developing bioengineered constructs for bone defect repair.
Keywords: scaffold, bone tissue regeneration, dental pulp stem cells, polycaprolactone, hydroxyapatite, osteo-replacement implants
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About the authors
Dombrovskaya Julia Dombrovskaya
North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov
Email: Yuliya.Dombrovskaya@szgmu.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7715-1008
SPIN-code: 5551-8789
PhD, Associate Professor of the Department of General Practice Dentistry
191015, Российская Федерация, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Кирочная, д. 41Natella I. Enukashvily
North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov,
Author for correspondence.
Email: n.enukashvily@incras.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5971-7917
SPIN-code: 8161-3663
Scopus Author ID: 6603299579
ResearcherId: A-6444-2009
PhD, Senior Researcher, Cell technologies laboratory
Russian Federation, 191015, Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg, Kirochnaya str, 41Gleb E. Dubinenko
National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk Polytechnic University
Email: dubinenko@tpu.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9466-469X
Junior Researcher, Weinberg Research Center, laboratory of Plasmid and Hybrid Systems
Russian Federation, 634050, Russia, Tomsk, Lenin Ave, 30Sergey I. Dubinenko
National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050, Tomsk, Russia
Email: tverd@tpu.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2242-6358
Head of the laboratory of Plasmid and Hybrid Systems, Weinberg Research Center
Russian Federation, 634050, Russia, Tomsk, Lenin Ave, 30,Elizaveta A. Rumiantseva
North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov
Email: lizarum2102@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0000-8118-0143
Laboratory assistant, Cell technologies laboratory
191015, Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg, Kirochnaya str, 41Arsalan D. Badaraev
National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk Polytechnic University
Email: adb6@tpu.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2800-7565
Junior Researcher, Weinberg Research Center, School of Nuclear Science & Engineering
Russian Federation, 634050, Russia, Tomsk, Lenin Ave, 30Varvara V. Bagaeva
North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov
Email: bagvar@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0008-5104-2872
Junior Researcher, Cell technologies laboratory
Russian Federation, 191015, Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg, Kirochnaya str, 41Olga N. Kravets
North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov
Email: Olga.Kravetc@szgmu.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0008-3252-0605
PhD, Associate Professor of the Department of General Practice Dentistry
Russian Federation, 191015, Российская Федерация, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Кирочная, д. 41Anton A. Sakhanov
North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov
Email: anton.sakhanov@szgmu.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4217-6330
PhD, Associate Professor of the Department of General Practice Dentistry
191015, Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg, Kirochnaya str, 41Olesya Ju Dosaeva
North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov
Email: Olesya.dosaeva.99@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0000-6508-9518
Resident of the 2nd year of training at the Department of General Practice Dentistry
Russian Federation, 191015, Российская Федерация, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Кирочная, д. 41Sefiyat E. Bukarova
North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov
Email: Sofiya.bukarova@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0005-1016-9306
Resident of the 2nd year of training at the Department of General Practice Dentistry
Russian Federation, 191015, Российская Федерация, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Кирочная, д. 41Mikhail I. Kotov
North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov
Email: drmikhailkotov@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0000-6655-6181
Resident of the 2nd year of training at the Department of General Practice Dentistry
Russian Federation, 191015, Российская Федерация, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Кирочная, д. 41Natalia Yu. Semenova
Federal State Budgetary Institution «Almazov National Medical Research Centre», Ministry of Health of Russia; Russian Research Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology, Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia of Russia
Email: semenova@mlc-lab.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4069-0678
PhD , Senior Researcher, Research Department of Pathomorphology, Center for Preclinical and Translational Research
199034, Российская Федерация, Санкт-Петербург, Ул. Аккуратова, д.2Yury A. Novosad
H. Turner National Medical Research Center for Сhildren’s Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery
Email: novosad.yur@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6150-374X
SPIN-code: 3001-1467
PhD student
Russian Federation, Saint PetersburgPlaton А. Safonov
H. Turner National Medical Research Center for Сhildren’s Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery
Email: safo165@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0006-7554-1292
SPIN-code: 6088-1297
student
Russian Federation, Saint PetersburgSergey V. Vissarionov
H. Turner National Medical Research Center for Children’s Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery
Email: vissarionovs@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4235-5048
SPIN-code: 7125-4930
MD, PhD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Corresponding Member of RAS
Russian Federation, 64-68 Parkovaya str., Pushkin, Saint Petersburg, 196603Mikhail G. Semyonov
North-Western State Medical University n.a. I.I. Mechnikov
Email: mikhail.semenov@szgmu.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1295-1554
MD, PhD, Professor, Head of the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Surgical Dentistry n.a. A.A. Limberg
Russian Federation, 41, Kirochnaya street, Saint-Petersburg, 191015Alexey V. Silin
North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov
Email: a.silin@szgmu.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3533-5615
SPIN-code: 4956-6941
MD, PhD, Prof, Head of the Department of General Practice Dentistry
Russian Federation, Saint PetersburgReferences
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