Evaluation of the Effect of Cell-Seeded Polycaprolactone Implants on Regenerative Processes in Rabbit Jaw Bone Defects



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Background: One of the key foci of modern regenerative medicine is creating personalized biomedical cellular products that can replace bone defects. These preparations consist of a cellular component, a scaffold that retains cells and maintains bone's supporting function, and auxiliary components. However, in vitro experiments cannot evaluate the effect of these constructs on bone tissue regeneration or the systemic response of the recipient organism.

Aim : The objective was to determine the outcome of implanting polycaprolactone (PCL), hydroxyapatite (HA), and dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) into areas with bone defects in rabbits' jaws.

Methods: Porous PCL+HA scaffolds were used that corresponded to the shape of the bone defect. On the mucosal side, the implants were either poreless or coated with copper to prevent mucosal ingrowth. Adhesion of the DPSC to the scaffolds was assessed using LUCS®13, a fluorescent, cell-permeant dye, and rhodamine-phalloidin staining. The swelling rate of the scaffolds at 37°C was measured using the weighting method. After the rabbit DPSCs labeled with iron oxide nanoparticles adhered to and proliferated on the scaffold for three days, the implant was placed in the bone defect area where a tooth had been extracted. Ten Russian Chinchilla rabbits (1-1.5 years old) had their first premolars removed from both sides of their upper and lower jaws. Then, the scaffolds seeded with DPSC were placed in the defect area.  Four months later, a pathomorphological study of the implant area was performed. The degree of fibrosis, inflammation, and bone tissue remodeling were evaluated in hematoxylin-eosin-stained preparations, as well as the distribution of iron oxide nanoparticle-labeled DPSCs using Perls staining.

Results: In the area of implant placement, cell-containing and cell-free scaffolds both accelerate bone defect and fibrosis remodeling without forming rough scars. The copper-sprayed PCL scaffold group showed the best correlation of parameters, including minimal inflammation, the maximum stage of bone tissue remodeling, and connective tissue maturity in the implantation area.

Conclusion: The obtained data confirm the potential of this approach for developing bioengineered constructs for bone defect repair.

Keywords: scaffold, bone tissue regeneration, dental pulp stem cells, polycaprolactone, hydroxyapatite, osteo-replacement implants

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Dombrovskaya Dombrovskaya

North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov

Email: Yuliya.Dombrovskaya@szgmu.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7715-1008
SPIN 代码: 5551-8789

PhD, Associate Professor of the Department of General Practice Dentistry

191015, Российская Федерация, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Кирочная, д. 41

Natella Enukashvily

North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov,

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: n.enukashvily@incras.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5971-7917
SPIN 代码: 8161-3663
Scopus 作者 ID: 6603299579
Researcher ID: A-6444-2009

PhD, Senior Researcher, Cell technologies laboratory

俄罗斯联邦, 191015, Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg, Kirochnaya str, 41

Gleb Dubinenko

National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk Polytechnic University

Email: dubinenko@tpu.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9466-469X

Junior Researcher, Weinberg Research Center, laboratory of Plasmid and Hybrid Systems

俄罗斯联邦, 634050, Russia, Tomsk, Lenin Ave, 30

Sergey Dubinenko

National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050, Tomsk, Russia

Email: tverd@tpu.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2242-6358

Head of the laboratory of Plasmid and Hybrid Systems, Weinberg Research Center

俄罗斯联邦, 634050, Russia, Tomsk, Lenin Ave, 30,

Elizaveta Rumiantseva

North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov

Email: lizarum2102@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0000-8118-0143

Laboratory assistant, Cell technologies laboratory

191015, Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg, Kirochnaya str, 41

Arsalan Badaraev

National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk Polytechnic University

Email: adb6@tpu.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2800-7565

Junior Researcher, Weinberg Research Center, School of Nuclear Science & Engineering

俄罗斯联邦, 634050, Russia, Tomsk, Lenin Ave, 30

Varvara Bagaeva

North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov

Email: bagvar@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0008-5104-2872

Junior Researcher, Cell technologies laboratory

俄罗斯联邦, 191015, Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg, Kirochnaya str, 41

Olga Kravets

North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov

Email: Olga.Kravetc@szgmu.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0008-3252-0605

PhD, Associate Professor of the Department of General Practice Dentistry

俄罗斯联邦, 191015, Российская Федерация, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Кирочная, д. 41

Anton Sakhanov

North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov

Email: anton.sakhanov@szgmu.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4217-6330

PhD, Associate Professor of the Department of General Practice Dentistry

191015, Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg, Kirochnaya str, 41

Olesya Dosaeva

North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov

Email: Olesya.dosaeva.99@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0000-6508-9518

Resident of the 2nd year of training at the Department of General Practice Dentistry 

俄罗斯联邦, 191015, Российская Федерация, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Кирочная, д. 41

Sefiyat Bukarova

North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov

Email: Sofiya.bukarova@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0005-1016-9306

Resident of the 2nd year of training at the Department of General Practice Dentistry 

俄罗斯联邦, 191015, Российская Федерация, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Кирочная, д. 41

Mikhail Kotov

North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov

Email: drmikhailkotov@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0000-6655-6181

Resident of the 2nd year of training at the Department of General Practice Dentistry 

俄罗斯联邦, 191015, Российская Федерация, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Кирочная, д. 41

Natalia Semenova

Federal State Budgetary Institution «Almazov National Medical Research Centre», Ministry of Health of Russia; Russian Research Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology, Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia of Russia

Email: semenova@mlc-lab.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4069-0678

PhD , Senior Researcher, Research Department of Pathomorphology, Center for Preclinical and Translational Research

199034, Российская Федерация, Санкт-Петербург, Ул. Аккуратова, д.2

Yury Novosad

H. Turner National Medical Research Center for Сhildren’s Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery

Email: novosad.yur@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6150-374X
SPIN 代码: 3001-1467

PhD student

俄罗斯联邦, Saint Petersburg

Platon А. Safonov

H. Turner National Medical Research Center for Сhildren’s Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery

Email: safo165@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0006-7554-1292
SPIN 代码: 6088-1297

student

俄罗斯联邦, Saint Petersburg

Sergey Vissarionov

H. Turner National Medical Research Center for Children’s Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery

Email: vissarionovs@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4235-5048
SPIN 代码: 7125-4930

MD, PhD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Corresponding Member of RAS

俄罗斯联邦, 64-68 Parkovaya str., Pushkin, Saint Petersburg, 196603

Mikhail Semyonov

North-Western State Medical University n.a. I.I. Mechnikov

Email: mikhail.semenov@szgmu.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1295-1554

MD, PhD, Professor, Head of the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Surgical Dentistry n.a. A.A. Limberg

俄罗斯联邦, 41, Kirochnaya street, Saint-Petersburg, 191015

Alexey Silin

North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov

Email: a.silin@szgmu.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3533-5615
SPIN 代码: 4956-6941

MD, PhD, Prof, Head of the Department of General Practice Dentistry

俄罗斯联邦, Saint Petersburg

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