Роль патологии акросомы при мужском бесплодии
- Авторы: Боровец С.Ю.1, Францишевская М.К.1, Терещенко С.И.2, Аль-Шукри С.Х.1
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Учреждения:
- Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова
- Городская поликлиника № 77 Невского района
- Выпуск: Том 15, № 3 (2025)
- Страницы: 283-292
- Раздел: Научные обзоры
- Статья получена: 18.07.2025
- Статья одобрена: 08.10.2025
- Статья опубликована: 15.11.2025
- URL: https://journals.eco-vector.com/uroved/article/view/687823
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/uroved687823
- EDN: https://elibrary.ru/HLIWKD
- ID: 687823
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Аннотация
Патология акросомы — самостоятельный и значимый фактор в структуре мужского бесплодия. Один из ключевых компонентов, определяющих фертильность, — акросома, или органелла сперматозоида, обеспечивающая акросомную реакцию, необходимую для проникновения через оболочки ооцита. Ее формирование происходит на стадии спермиогенеза и включает сложный процесс слияния проакросомальных гранул в транс-сети комплекса Гольджи. Нарушения этого процесса могут быть вызваны генетическими дефектами, в частности, мутациями в генах PICK1, SPATA16 и DPY19L2, что приводит к патологиям акросомы: глобозооспермии, гипоплазии акросомы и мембранным аномалиям. В статье приведены сведения об основных механизмах возникновения акросомных нарушений. Подчеркнута связь патологии акросомы с другими формами нарушений сперматогенеза — астенозооспермией, тератозооспермией и фрагментацией ДНК сперматозоидов, что значительно снижает вероятность наступления беременности даже при использовании вспомогательных репродуктивных технологий. Описаны современные методы диагностики, включая электронную микроскопию, метод оценки соотношения зрелых и незрелых сперматозоидов в эякуляте (HBA-тест, hyaluron binding assay) и методы оценки акросомной реакции, позволяющие более точно выявлять субклинические формы патологии. Проанализированы подходы к коррекции нарушений: антиоксидантная, гормональная терапия, вспомогательные репродуктивные технологии — интрацитоплазматическая инъекция сперматозоида, интрацитоплазматическая инъекция сперматозоида с морфологическим анализом сперматозоидов и активация ооцитов ионофорами при низкой эффективности оплодотворения.
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Сергей Юрьевич Боровец
Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова
Email: sborovets@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2162-6291
SPIN-код: 2482-0230
д-р мед. наук, профессор
Россия, Санкт-ПетербургМария Кирилловна Францишевская
Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова
Email: potapova_maria_92@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0288-9777
SPIN-код: 5235-3154
канд. мед. наук
Россия, Санкт-ПетербургСветослав Игоревич Терещенко
Городская поликлиника № 77 Невского района
Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: teresh555@yandex.ru
Россия, Санкт-Петербург
Сальман Хасунович Аль-Шукри
Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова
Email: alshukri@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4857-0542
SPIN-код: 2041-8837
д-р мед. наук, профессор
Россия, Санкт-ПетербургСписок литературы
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