Email this article Modern principles of cardiovascular disease prevention
- Authors: Bershtein L.L.1
-
Affiliations:
- North-West State Medical University Named after I.I. Mechnikov
- Issue: Vol 13, No 2 (2021)
- Pages: 15-26
- Section: Reviews
- URL: https://journals.eco-vector.com/vszgmu/article/view/75696
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/mechnikov75696
- ID: 75696
Cite item
Open Access
Access granted
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the world, primarily in low-and middle-income countries, including Russian Federation. According to WHO experts, the global atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease epidemic can be brought under control mainly by improving the cardiovascular prevention. This paper describes the modern principles of risk assessment in people without manifested atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, as well as considers drug and non-drug methods of primary prevention.
Full Text
About the authors
Leonid L. Bershtein
North-West State Medical University Named after I.I. Mechnikov
Author for correspondence.
Email: leonid.bershtein@szgmu.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9444-159X
SPIN-code: 6744-4034
Scopus Author ID: 24833097000
ResearcherId: N-9985-2014
MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.)
Russian Federation, 41 Kirochnaya str., Saint Petersburg, 191015References
- Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) [Internet]. WHO. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cardiovascular-diseases-(cvds)#ю. Accessed: July 14, 2021.
- The top 10 causes of death [Internet]. WHO. Available from: Cardiovascular_diseases_statistics#Deaths_from_cardiovascular_diseases. Accessed: July 14, 2021.
- Shalnova SA, Deev AD. Russian mortality trends in the early XXI century: official statistics data. Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention. 2011;(10(6)):5–10. (In Russ.). doi: 10.15829/1728-8800-2011-6-5-10
- Russian statistical yearbook. Federal state statistics service. Moscow; 2018. (In Russ.)
- Eurostat Statistics Explained [Internet]. Available from: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/ Cardiovascular_diseases_statistics#Deaths_from_cardiovascular_diseases. Accessed: July 14, 2021.
- Boitsov SA, Pogosova NV, Bubnova MG, et al. Cardiovascular prevention 2017. National guidelines. Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2018;23(6):7–122. (In Russ.). doi: 10.15829/1560-4071-2018-6-7-122
- Piepoli MF, Hoes AW, Agewall S, et al. 2016 European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice: The sixth joint task force of the European Society of Cardiology and other societies on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (constituted by representatives of 10 societies and by invited experts) Developed with the special contribution of the European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation (EACPR). Eur Heart J. 2016;37(29):2315–2381. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehw106
- Yusuf S, Hawken S, Ounpuu S, et al. Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): case-control study. Lancet. 2004;364(9438):937–952. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17018-9
- Mach F, Baigent C, Catapano AL, et al. 2019 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk. Eur Heart J. 2020;41(1):111–188. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz455
- Sergienko IV, Ansheles AA, Kukharchuk VV. The rosclerosis and dyslipidemias: modern aspects of pathogenesis, diagnostics and treatment. Moscow; 2015.
- Grundy SM, Stone NJ, Bailey AL, et al. 2018 AHA/ACC/AACVPR/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/ADA/AGS/APhA/ASPC/NLA/PCNA Guideline on the Management of Blood Cholesterol: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019;73(24):e285–e350. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.11.003
- Taylor AJ, Bindeman J, Feuerstein I, et al. Coronary calcium independently predicts incident premature coronary heart disease over measured cardiovascular risk factors: mean three-year outcomes in the Prospective Army Coronary Calcium (PACC) project. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;46(5):807–814. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2005.05.049
- Mitchell JD, Fergestrom N, Gage BF, et al. Impact of statins on cardiovascular outcomes following coronary artery calcium scoring. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;72(25):3233–3242. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.09.051
- Spence JD, Eliasziw M, DiCicco M, et al. Carotid plaque area: a tool for targeting and evaluating vascular preventive therapy. Stroke. 2002;33(12):2916–2922. doi: 10.1161/01.str.0000042207.16156.b9
- Baber U, Mehran R, Sartori S, et al. Prevalence, impact, and predictive value of detecting subclinical coronary and carotid atherosclerosis in asymptomatic adults: the BioImage study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015;65(11):1065–1074. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.01.017
- Ezhov MV, Sergienko IV, Aronov DM, et al. Diagnostics and correction of lipid metabolism disorders for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. revision VI. Journal of Atherosclerosis and Dyslipidemias. 2017;(3(28)):5–22. (In Russ.)
- Tian D, Meng J. Exercise for prevention and relief of cardiovascular disease: prognoses, mechanisms, and approaches. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2019;2019:3756750. doi: 10.1155/2019/3756750
- Balanova IuA, Shal’nova SA, Deev AD, et al. Smoking prevalence in Russia. What has changed over 20 years? The Russian Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2015;18(6):47–52. doi: 10.17116/profmed201518647-52
- Williams B, Mancia G, Spiering W, et al. 2018 Practice Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension and the European Society of Cardiology: ESH/ESC Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension. J Hypertens. 2018;36(12):2284–2309. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000001961
- Puri R, Nissen SE, Shao M, et al. Antiatherosclerotic effects of long-term maximally intensive statin therapy after acute coronary syndrome: insights from Study of Coronary Atheroma by Intravascular Ultrasound: Effect of Rosuvastatin Versus Atorvastatin. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2014;34(11):2465–2472. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.114.303932
- Mach F, Ray KK, Wiklund O, et al. Adverse effects of statin therapy: perception vs. the evidence – focus on glucose homeostasis, cognitive, renal and hepatic function, haemorrhagic stroke and cataract. Eur Heart J. 2018;39(27):2526–2539. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy182
- Writing Committee, Lloyd-Jones DM, Morris PB, Ballantyne CM, et al. 2016 ACC Expert Consensus Decision Pathway on the role of non-statin therapies for LDL-cholesterol lowering in the management of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk: A report of the American College of Cardiology Task Force on Clinical Expert Consensus Documents. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;68(1):92–125. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.03.519
- Ebisawa S, Izawa A, Ueki Y, et al. Impact of combination therapy with statin and ezetimibe on secondary prevention for post-acute myocardial infarction patients in the statin era. Int J Cardiol Heart Vasc. 2015;8:154–160. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2015.07.007
- Melendez QM, Krishnaji ST, Wooten CJ, Lopez D. Hypercholesterolemia: The role of PCSK9. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2017;625–626:39–53. doi: 10.1016/j.abb.2017.06.001
- Sheikh O, Vande Hei AG, Battisha A, et al. Cardiovascular, electrophysiologic, and hematologic effects of omega-3 fatty acids beyond reducing hypertriglyceridemia: as it pertains to the recently published REDUCE-IT trial. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2019;18(1):84. doi: 10.1186/s12933-019-0887-0
Supplementary files
Supplementary Files
Action
1.
JATS XML
2.
Fig. 1. Updated SCORE chart for European populations at high cardiovascular disease risk (by ESC Guidelines, 2019)
Download (327KB)
3.
Fig. 2. Life-time risk assessment chart
Download (93KB)
4.
Fig. 3. An example of coronary calcium imaging required for measuring the coronary calcium score
Download (82KB)
5.
Fig. 4. Measurement of a carotid plaque area
Download (92KB)
СМИ зарегистрировано Федеральной службой по надзору в сфере связи, информационных технологий и массовых коммуникаций (Роскомнадзор).