The evolution of ideas on the biological role of 5-methylcytosine oxidative derivatives in the mammalian genome

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Abstract

Summary: In this review, we summarize data on 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, 5-formylcytosine and 5-carboxylcytosine – cytosine modifications which are produced by TET-mediated oxidation of 5-methylcytosine in DNA. We show the biochemistry of modified cytosine as well as methods for its global and location analysis. We also highlight the milestones in the evolution of ideas on the biological role of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, 5-formylcytosine and 5-carboxylcytosine in the mammalian genome since their discovery in 2009 till present.

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Введение

В постгеномную эру стало очевидным, что функционирование генома человека определяется не только нуклеотидным составом ДНК, но и различными эпигенетическими модификациями как самих нуклеотидов, так и белков хроматина, в результате которых к ним присоединяются/удаляются химические группы. Последние, в зависимости от типа и локализации, могут индуцировать или блокировать связывание с ДНК транскрипционных факторов, марк

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About the authors

Olga A Efimova

D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology

Author for correspondence.
Email: efimova_o82@mail.ru
Researcher, PhD, Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis of human inherited and inborn disorders Russian Federation

Anna A Pendina

D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology

Email: pendina@mail.ru
Researcher, PhD, Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis of human inherited and inborn disorders Russian Federation

Andrei V Tikhonov

D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology

Email: tixonov5790@gmail.com
assistant researcher, Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis of human inherited and inborn disorders Russian Federation

Vladislav S Baranov

D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology

Email: baranov@vb2475.spb.edu
Head of the laboratory, prof, Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis of human inherited and inborn disorders Russian Federation

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2. Fig. 1. Cycle of cytosine modifications in mammalian cell DNA. С – cytosine, 5mC – 5-methylcytosine, 5hmC – 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, 5fC – 5-formylcytosine, 5caC – 5-carboxylcytosine.

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