An Analysis of Variations in Tectonic Subsidence of the Basin and Construction of Alternative Models of Thermal Evolution of Sedimentary Basins

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Abstract

Numerical reconstructions of thermal regime of sedimentary strata of the Mannar basin (Sri Lanka) in the area of the Dorado North well and the West Siberia basin (Tomsk region) in the area of the Ostaninskaya well presented in [Premarathne et al., 2016; Isaev et al., 2021] are compared with the corresponding reconstructions obtained in the GALO system for basin modeling. These examples show that the use of modeling systems with the specification of the heat flow at the base of sedimentary strata can give false picture of the thermal history of the basin, despite the coincidence of the calculated values of vitrinite reflectance with the values measured in the modern sedimentary section of the basin. The application of the analysis of variations in tectonic subsidence of the basin in the GALO modeling system makes it possible to estimate the amplitude and duration of the thermal activation events and extension (thinning of the crust) of the lithosphere and thereby overcome the problem with specification of the heat flow at relatively shallow basin depths. The alternative model of the basin thermal evolution constructed in this way relies on the same modeling input database as the heat flow fitting systems at the base of sedimentary strata, but only with the addition of the modern depth of the Mohorovicic discontinuity.

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Y. I. Galushkin

Lomonosov Moscow State University

Author for correspondence.
Email: yu_gal@mail.ru

Earth Science Museum

Russian Federation, Moscow, 119991

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. The position of the simulated wells: (a) — sle. Dorado-North in the Mannar basin (according to [Premarathne et al., 2016] with changes); (b) — square. Ostaninskaya (black circle) according to [Dobretsov et al., 2013] with changes. 1 — rifts; 2 — effusion-sedimentary complex; 3 — boundaries of the West Siberian syneclise.

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3. 2. The principle of calculating variations in tectonic subsidence of the basement surface [Galushkin, 2007].

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4. Fig. 3. Variations in the amplitudes of tectonic subsidence (a), distribution of the reflectivity of vitrinite (b) and rock temperatures (c) with depth in the modern sedimentary section of the SLE. Dorado North of the Mannar basin [Galushkin, Dubinin, 2020]. (a): 1 — change in tectonic subsidence obtained by removing the load of water and sediments from the basement surface; 2 — it is also obtained by calculating changes in the density distribution of rocks in the basement; 3 — thickness of the sedimentary cover; 4 — change in sea depth; (b): solid curve 1 — calculated values of RO (%Ro); 2 and 3 — measurements in sle. Dorado North and Pesalai, respectively; (c): solid curve — calculated values of T(z), crosses — measurements in square meters. Pearl-1.

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5. 4. Thermal evolution of the sedimentary stratum (a) and lithosphere (b) of the Mannar basin in the area of the SLE. Dorado-North, numerically reconstructed within the framework of the HALO basin modeling system [Galushkin, Dubinin, 2020]. (a): 1 — bottom of sedimentary layers; 2 — isotherms; 3 — soil isolines (%Ro); (b) a: 1, 2 and 3 — heat fluxes through sedimentary surfaces (1), basement (2) and upper mantle (3) (i.e. across the boundary of the MOHO); (b) b: “MOHO" is the base of the crust; “phase transition” is the depth of the spinel peridotite–garnet peridotite phase transition in the mantle; The “base of the lithosphere” is determined by the intersection of the current geotherm with the solidus curve of peridotite with 0.2% H2O [Wyllie, 1979]. Thick straight line segments mark the main stages of the pool stretching.

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6. Fig. 5. The change in the heat flow at the base of the sedimentary column (a) and the evolution of thermal conditions (b) of the sedimentary column of the Mannar basin in the Dorado-North area, calculated in the model [Premarathne et al., 2016]. (a): 1 is the heat flow specified in the model from [Premarathne et al. al., 2016]; 2 is the flow calculated in [Galushkin and Dubinin, 2020]; (b): continuously sinking lines are the bases of sedimentary layers; lines with signs 20°C, 40°C, 60°C, etc. are isotherms; The bold lines with the signs 0.6%Ro, 1.3%Ro, and 1.6%Ro are the corresponding OSV isolines calculated in the SIGMA-2D model [Premarathne et al., 2016].

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7. Fig. 6. Thermal history of the sedimentary stratum (a) and lithosphere (b) of the SWR in the area of the SLE. Ostaninskaya-438 — numerical reconstructions in the HALO system. The legends of Fig. 6a and 6b repeat the legends of Fig. 4a and 4b, respectively.

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8. Fig. 7. Variations in the amplitudes of the tectonic subsidence of the ZSB in the area of the SLE. Ostaninskaya-438 (a) and calculated distributions of heat flow (q, q0), temperature (T, T0) (b). (a): see the legend Fig. 3a; (b): (T0, q0) and (T, q) — temperature and heat flux distributions 3.5 million years ago and in the modern context; ++ — measured temperature values.

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9. Fig. 8. Calculated distribution of WWS with depth in the modern section of the West Siberian basin in the area of the SLE. Ostaninskaya-438. Curves 1, 3, 4, and 5 correspond to the activity of sill and hydrothermal during 800, 1000, 600, and 0 (absence of sill and hydrothermal) thousand years, respectively; 2 — measured values of WWS; 6 — sill activity for 800 thousand years, but without hydrothermal activity.

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10. Fig. 9. OSV distributions in modern sedimentary sections of the SLE. Ostaninskaya-438 (a) and Selveykinskaya-2 (Fig. 1b). 1 is the calculated SE distribution; 2 is the measured SE values; 3 is the SE calculated without hydrotherms in the Pleistocene; 4 in Fig. (b) is the SE calculated without the thermal effects of hydrotherms in the Pleistocene and intrusion in the Jurassic.

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11. Fig. 10. The heat flow set at the base of the sedimentary stratum (a) and the change in the temperature of rocks in the history of the sinking of the SWF in the area of the SLE. Ostaninskaya-438 (b), calculated by paleotemperature modeling in [Isaev et al., 2021]: 1 — isotherms; 2 — geological age of rocks; 3 — isotherms, which, according to [Isaev et al., 2021] correspond to the "oil generation window".

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