Aggregate formation and magnetic separation of polyethylene microparticles from aqueous solutions

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Plastic pollution is an emerging concern worldwide. To determine the amount and composition of contaminating polymer microparticles, the preparation of representative water samples is required. A new method of magnetic separation of polyethylene microparticles (MPE, 10–200 μm) by aggregation with magnetic nanoparticles has been studied. Composite magnetic nanoparticles with a magnetite core and a silica shell functionalized with amino groups (Fe3O4@SiO2-NH2, dhydr = 200 nm) have been synthesized. These nanoparticles can form aggregates with MPEs due to electrostatic interactions. The heteroaggregates can be removed from water using a gradient magnetic field.

The influence of solved salts (NaCl, Na2SO4, NaH2PO4, CaCl2) and surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) on the separation conditions of polyethylene microparticles from aqueous suspensions was studied. The efficiency of MPE magnetic separation from aqueous suspensions with salts NaCl, NaH2PO4 (c = 10 mM), CaCl2 (c = 10 and 100 mM) and SDS (c = 3 mM) was at least 98% for a concentration of magnetic particles of c = 0.01 g/L, the preliminary exposure for 30 minutes and the magnetic sedimentation duration for 15 minutes. As the concentration of NaCl and NaH2PO4 increased up to 100 mM or in the presence of Na2SO4, the efficiency of MPE magnetic separation decreased. The separation efficiency of MPE by the magnetic filtration was at least 80% from a model solution of river and sea water within 5 minutes.

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Sobre autores

M. Filinkova

Институт физики металлов им. М.Н. Михеева УрО РАН

Autor responsável pela correspondência
Email: filinkova-ms@yandex.ru
Rússia, ул. С. Ковалевской, 18, Екатеринбург, 620108

Iu. Bakhteeva

Институт физики металлов им. М.Н. Михеева УрО РАН

Email: filinkova-ms@yandex.ru
Rússia, ул. С. Ковалевской, 18, Екатеринбург, 620108

I. Medvedeva

Институт физики металлов им. М.Н. Михеева УрО РАН; Уральский государственный горный университет

Email: filinkova-ms@yandex.ru
Rússia, ул. С. Ковалевской, 18, Екатеринбург, 620108; ул. Куйбышева, 30, Екатеринбург, 620144

I. Byzov

Институт физики металлов им. М.Н. Михеева УрО РАН

Email: filinkova-ms@yandex.ru
Rússia, ул. С. Ковалевской, 18, Екатеринбург, 620108

A. Minin

Институт физики металлов им. М.Н. Михеева УрО РАН

Email: filinkova-ms@yandex.ru
Rússia, ул. С. Ковалевской, 18, Екатеринбург, 620108

I. Kurmachev

Институт физики металлов им. М.Н. Михеева УрО РАН

Email: filinkova-ms@yandex.ru
Rússia, ул. С. Ковалевской, 18, Екатеринбург, 620108

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2. Fig. 1. IR spectra of MPE and MNP (a); SEM image of MPE (b); TEM image of MNP (c).

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3. Fig. 2. Dependence of the separation efficiency of MPE in aqueous suspensions of MPE/SDS/PS on time τ during gravitational settling, c(PS) = 10 mM (a, c), c(PS) = 100 mM (b, d).

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4. Fig. 3. Dependence of the efficiency of magnetic separation of MPE from aqueous suspensions of MPE/MNP/SDS/PS on the concentration of natural salts, c(MNP) = 0.005 g/l (a), 0.01 g/l (b), 0.05 g/l (c), c(PS) = 10 and 100 mM; c(SDS) = 3 mM. Duration of preliminary holding t = 30 minutes, duration of magnetic sedimentation τ = 15 minutes.

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5. Fig. 4. Dependence of the efficiency of magnetic separation of MPE from aqueous suspensions of MPE/MNP/SDS/PS on the duration of preliminary holding t, s(PS) = 10 mM (a) and 100 mM (b), s(SDS) = 3 mM, s(MNP) = 0.01 g/l. Duration of magnetic sedimentation τ = 15 minutes.

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6. Fig. 5. Dependence of the efficiency of magnetic separation of MPE from aqueous suspensions of MPE/MNP/SDS/PS on the duration of magnetic sedimentation τ, s(PS) = 10 mM (a) and 100 mM (b), s(SDS) = 3 mM, s(MNP) = 0.01 g/l. Duration of preliminary holding t = 30 minutes.

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7. Fig. 6. Micrographs of MPE/MNP/SDS/NaCl suspensions at MNP concentrations c = 0.005 and 0.05 g/l without preliminary holding (a, g), after preliminary holding for t = 30 min (b, d) and after magnetic separation for 15 min (c, e). c(NaCl) = 10 mM, c(SDS) = 3 mM.

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8. Fig. 7. IR spectra of dry precipitate obtained from aqueous suspension of SDS/CaCl2 and SDS powder, c(CaCl2) = 100 mM, c(SDS) = 3 mM.

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9. Fig. 8. Micrographs of MPE/MNP/SDS/CaCl2 suspensions without preliminary holding (a), after preliminary holding for t = 30 min (b) and after magnetic separation for 15 minutes (c). c(CaCl2) = 10 mM, c(SDS) = 3 mM, c(MNP) = 0.01 g/l.

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10. Fig. 9. Optical absorption spectra obtained by UV spectrophotometry for aqueous suspensions of the MPE/SDS/NaCl composition at concentrations of c(NaCl) = 0 mM (a), 10 mM (b), 100 mM (c). The duration of preliminary aggregation was 0 minutes (black), 30 minutes (red), 300 minutes (blue), c(SDS) = 3 mM.

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11. Fig. 10. Dependence of the zeta potential of MNPs on the concentration of salts NaCl, Na2SO4, NaH2PO4, CaCl2 in the MNP/PS solution.

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12. Fig. 11. Micrographs of MPE/MNP/SDS/Na2SO4 suspensions without preliminary holding (a), after preliminary holding for t = 30 (b) and 4200 (d) minutes, and after magnetic separation for 15 minutes (c, d). c(Na2SO4) = 10 mM, c(SDS) = 3 mM, c(MNP) = 0.01 g/l.

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13. Fig. 12. Dependence of the separation efficiency of MPE from model aqueous suspensions on the concentration of MPE during gravitational settling of MPE/SDS/solution 1 (2) and magnetic sedimentation of MPE/MNP/SDS/solution 1 (2), 1 – river water, 2 – sea water, c(SDS) = 3 mM, c(MNP) = 0.01 g/l. Duration of preliminary holding t = 30 minutes.

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14. Fig. 13. Dependence of the separation efficiency of MPE from model aqueous suspensions of MPE/MNP/SDS/solution 1 (2) on the separation time τ in magnetic fields, 1 – river water, 2 – sea water, c(SDS) = 3 mM, c(MNP) = 0.01 g/l. Duration of preliminary holding t = 30 minutes.

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