Voenno-medicinskij žurnal

The results of psychophysiological studies of stress resistance of 71 servicemen were analyzed based on the predictable-unpredictable threat model using the Reakor hardware and software complex. High stress resistance in motor-volitional servicemen of military positions at the psychophysiological level is associated with higher ECG wavelengths at all stages of testing, lower respiratory heart rate variability in the absence of load, as well as smaller amplitudes of the difference in its values between the stages of predictable threat and rest, in peripheral vascular tone between the stages of rest and predictable threat, a tendency to increase the index of centralization during the passage of the stages of the study, lower reactivity in terms of galvanic skin response and startle reflex. Low stress resistance against the background of adaptive disorders was manifested by indicators of vagal influences exceeding the population norm with a tendency to decrease in sympathetic, the most pronounced difference in systolic wave amplitude indicators between periods of exercise/rest with a tendency toward peripheral vasoconstriction. The developed technique makes it possible to objectify the stress resistance of military personnel, can be used to predict the success of adaptation during professional psychological selection, and also serve as a criterion for the effectiveness of their medical and psychological rehabilitation.

The article presents an overview and analysis of the characteristics of modern technical means of sampling and delivery of samples to indicate pathogens of dangerous infectious diseases. The criteria for comparative analysis were: the purpose of the product, the number of samples taken simultaneously, the convenience of work and safety for personnel, the possibility of disinfecting the device, and its cost. Sampling for the determination of pathogens of dangerous infectious diseases can be carried out using medical epidemiological bags and packs. However, products in the form of bags are overloaded with elements, which increase their volume and weight, and also increase the cost. The most promising is the microbiological sampling kit KOPM-2M, which has a number of advantages: optimal in terms of the range of components, equipped with transparent test tubes that can withstand repeated autoclaving, the surfaces of the product cases are resistant to treatment with disinfectant solutions.

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the neuro-, immuno-, endocrine mechanisms of the progression of maladjustment disorders in combat veterans in the long-term follow-up period. Under observation were 75 combat veterans who, during participation in hostilities, had hypertensive reactions for the first time, which subsequently transformed into cardiovascular pathology. The study was performed 19.5±3.8 years after participation in special operations. One of the most characteristic features of incomplete adaptation is borderline changes in hormonal status and a decrease in the body’s resistance. In the long-term follow-up period, combat veterans showed a significant increase in cortisol and prolactin levels and a decrease in follicle-stimulating hormone compared to reserve officers. The results obtained point to the continuing functional tension in the activity of hormonal regulation circuits in combat veterans.

In order to study the adaptive reactions of the immune system in response to the new conditions of Kamchatka, a comparative analysis of clinical indicators and integral blood indices was carried out, the phagocytic activity of its neutrophils was studied in 143 conscripts on the day of arrival, forming them into subgroups according to the geography of the place of conscription. The number of venous blood leukocytes compared with the control group of contractors was on average 10% more, lymphocytes – 12% and neutrophilic leukocytes – 20%, monocytes - 5% less. Changes in the blood of military personnel on the day of arrival indicate the insufficiency of the work of the non-specific link of immunity, which is especially pronounced in persons called up from the territories most remote from Kamchatka. It has been shown that when phagocytosis is corrected with a solution of Hedophyllum bongardianum macroalgae at a concentration of 100 мg/ml in vitro, the activity of neutrophils increases by 1.5 times.

The article presents the results of a study and epidemiological analysis of the incidence of malaria in the Astrakhan region in the period 1996–2020. During this time, 164 cases of malaria were registered in the region, including 142 imported ones. In the contingent of patients, four types of malaria were diagnosed: three-day malaria prevailed, tropical malaria was less common, and sporadically oval malaria and four-day malaria. The largest number of cases of imported malaria occurred in the period 2000–2008, which is related to the unfavorable economic and social situation in neighboring countries. The main import of three-day malaria was carried out from Azerbaijan and Tajikistan, and tropical – from African countries. At present, the threat of malaria importation remains, so the task of the health authorities of the Astrakhan region remains an anti-epidemic work aimed at preventing the spread of malaria among its population.

The rationale for the need to study and hygienic assessment of the working conditions of military personnel’s workplaces is given not selectively, as is currently the case at the facilities of the Ministry of Defense, but as an element of the military service security system with complete coverage of the entire staffing table in the unit (institution). As a model of hygienic assessment, one can use the procedure approved at the federal level for a special evaluation of the working conditions of workplaces, which will create a unified system for preserving the life and health of all unit personnel (institution). Its implementation at all workplaces of military personnel will make it possible to achieve a significant increase in the effectiveness of the current model of ensuring the security of military service by giving it a preventive focus and objectifying the results. In addition, the presence in the unit (institution) of a hygienic assessment of the conditions of military labor at all workplaces of military personnel will significantly expand the capabilities of military command and control bodies in making decisions to preserve the life and health of all personnel of the military unit.

To determine the prospects for the use of injectable forms of opioid analgesics registered in Russia at the stages of medical evacuation, their comparative analysis was carried out according to such key criteria as pharmacological properties, “strategic” and price accessibility, and compliance with the conditions of use. The results of the analysis showed that at present trimeperidine remains the drug of choice for use at the stages of medical evacuation. At the same time, in the near future, it is necessary to carry out work to resume and establish the production of buprenorphine, morphine, and fentanyl in syringe tubes with improved characteristics. In addition, it is necessary to establish interaction between the Ministry of Defense, as well as other power ministries and departments, with federal executive authorities that determine policy in the field of health protection and the functioning of the pharmaceutical industry in terms of determining priority areas for the strategic development of the production of medicines with specified characteristics for the needs of the country’s defense and ensuring its drug independence in the face of possible external economic and political threats and military conflicts of varying intensity.

The formation of the Syzran garrison military hospital began on February 15, 1946, when it received a two-story medical building built in 1907. In subsequent years, the hospital was improved, the material and technical base were improved, the bed capacity was increased, and the treatment and diagnostic process was improved. Today, the Syzran Garrison Military Hospital is branch No. 4 of the Federal State Budgetary Institution «426 Military Hospital» of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. The hospital is equipped with medical equipment and staffed with qualified personnel at a high level. On average, the hospital admits three to four thousand people as inpatients each year. The most important asset of the hospital is its staff. The Syzran Medical and Humanitarian College students are trained at the base of the military hospital. The doctors in the hospital are actively involved in the work of the scientific societies in Syzran and Samara, investigating how to introduce the most recent methods of diagnosis, prevention and treatment of the sick and wounded into practice.