Том 334, № 7 (2013)

Taking into account the historical experience the authors considered the main principles of improvement of the system of preventive and curative interventions in the troops with the help of mobile functional elements. The authors suggested to develop medical reinforcement groups which satisfy requirements of high mobility and self-contained operations. 3 types of functional elements must be developed: 17 specialized doctor-nurse teams of the central military — treatment facilities, 10 doctor-nurse teams of district military (navy) clinical hospitals, 11 doctor-nurse teams of branches of district military hospitals. Assignment of air transport with the following reconversion in evacuation transport with the medical air station and medical helicopter station is concerned.

In experiments on nonlinear male mice the ability of new derivatives of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds to increase the physical working capacity in conditions of hyperthermia, hypothermia and acute normobaric hypoxia and hypercapnia has been investigated. It is established, that pyridine derivative IBHF-11 has more expressed positive action in the said conditions. It provided increase of the working capacity of animals at all kinds of extreme influence, and the value of positive action was comparable, and in conditions of acute normobaric hypoxia and hypercapnia exceeded those at the reference products bemitil and bromantan.

In the early 20 th century hypertension became a medical problem because of th prevalence. The process of clinical research of the etiopathogenesis of hypertension is associated with a scientific and technical progress and state of medical science at every historical stage. The first stage (end of the 19 th century — beginning of the 20 h century) was characterised by a research of hypertension and monitoring of its natural history. The second stage (early — mid 20 th century) was charachterised by attempts to influence on the natural history of hypertension. The basis of the attempts was neurohumoral concept. The third stage (end of 50s — beginning of 70s) — was charachterised by the application of angiotensin -converting enzyme inhibitor, calcium channel blocker and thiazide diuretic along with beta-adrenergic blockers. The fourth stage (end of 20 th century — beginning of 21 st) was characterised by discovery of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, development of complex treatment options for hypertension, based on stratification of risk factors of cardiovascular complication. Clinical picture of hypertension haven’t changed significally during the last 100 years. Cerebral and cardiac manifestations of hypertension remain dominat in 21 st century as well as in 20 h century. In the beginning of 21 st century such systems as eyes and kidneys are not affected by the hypertension. Hypertension remains the main cause of progression of cardiac muscle and vessel wall structural changes.

Conditions of hypoxic hypoxia at 3200 m height exert significant positive changes in hemopoiesis, normalizing erythropoiesis and coagulation system. Hypoxic climate therapy can be regarded as an additional efficient method to the pathogenetic treatment for patient with unpainful aplastic anemia and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. It should be emphasized that patients must be out of immunosuppressive therapy when getting high altitude stationary.

The authors presented the echocardiography and doppler sonography of aquanauts during the period of long-term effects of deep diving (to 500 m). According tot he analysis oft he given data the following was revealed: imperceptible atrium distensibility, left ventricular concentric remodeling without myocardial hypertrophy, saving of general and regional myocardial contractile function, left ventricular diastolic dysfunction grade 1, intact right ventricle, orthoarteriotony in pulmonary artery, change of size and distensibility of the aortic root. The authors came to conclusion that there are 2 different process in the structural ventricular remodeling during the period of long-term effects of deep diving — envolving myocardial consolidation and heart chamber dilation. These two processes is connected with temporary factor atypical for natural age dynamic. The aortic root has a atherosclerotic change and distensibility. There is no further dynamic distensibility. The abovementioned changes in heart and aorta can progress in aquanauts, which have too many dives. Patients in the study group haven’t dived over the years, but nevertheless have the abovementioned changes.

The article is concerned to the history of formation of sanitary-treatment stations on the North Caucasus, in Chechnya (Goryachevodsky and Mikhailovsky mineral springs) till 1917 year. The basis of the article are archive documents, scientific papers of contemporaries and official documents. Goryachevodsky and Mikhailovsky mineral springs were more than 70 years the one the best recreative base of the Caucasian standing army including the caucasian cossack troop. The sanitary-treatment stations were of great importance during the active military actions with Hill people within the territory of Chechnya and Dagestan, during the Crimean War (1853—1856), The Russo-Turkish War of 1877—1878 and the First World War (1914—1918), when the amount of the wounded and ill soldiers increased.