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Nº 1 (2022)
- Ano: 2022
- Artigos: 11
- URL: https://journals.eco-vector.com/0032-874X/issue/view/8548
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Chief Editor’s Note
Priroda. 2022;(1):3-4
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An Umbrella for Russia
Resumo
The statistics for recent years of weather and climatic cataclysms that happened in Russia are presented. Threats for various sectors of the economy resulting from the above cataclysms are indicated. The need for adaptation measures aimed at preventing and mitigating the consequences of such threats is discussed.
Priroda. 2022;(1):5-12
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Modern Crystallography in Geosciences
Resumo
Crystallography was born in the 17th century as a cross-disciplinary science of mineralogy and mathematics. However, later it became closer to physics, chemistry, biology, and even medicine. The article considers on various precise examples the important role of modern crystallographic methods and results in the study of the composition and structure of the Earth and other planets
Priroda. 2022;(1):13-28
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Triclinic Afwillite and Other Finite Calcium Silicate Hydrates
Resumo
Calcium silicate hydrates (CSH) are widespread in nature and are commonly used in cement production. Their cationic composition consists only of Ca and Si, and the chemical variations of this family result from the variations of Ca/Si ratio, anionic composition, and hydration degree. The structural diversity of this family is related to the variations of Ca polyhedral fragments and Si radicals as well as to their topology and symmetry in the structure. Earlier I presented in “Priroda” the structure of fukalite and closely related calcium silicate hydrates with infinite oxygen radicals. This work is dedicated to the X-ray analysis of another member of the CSH family, afwillite, with isolated SiO4 tetrahedra and other calcium silicate hydrates with finite Si-radicals and their combinations.
Priroda. 2022;(1):29-38
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Lifestyle of Platyoposaurus
Resumo
The paleoecological characteristics of the temnospondyl amphibian Platyoposaurus from the Middle Permian deposits of Eastern Europe which were identified and refined are considered based on morphological, paleohistological, coprological, lithological facies, and taphonomic analyzes.
Priroda. 2022;(1):39-50
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Amur Tiger in Bureya State Natural Reserve: Lifestyle Patterns and Conservation Prospects
Resumo
The article represents data on tiger records in Bureya Nature Reserve in the north of the Amur River region. In the Reserve, for the first time traces of a tiger were noted in November 2018, and then traces (from one animal) were found in September 2020. In October 2020, for the first time in the Reserve, a tiger was caught by a camera trap located on the right bank of the Levaya Bureya River near the mouth of the Lan River. In November, probably, the same individual was photographed again at the same location. The tiger caught by the camera in October 2020 was again recorded in June 2021. It was an adult female. The valley of the Levaya Bureya River, near the mouth of the Lan River, provides the best habitats for elk and red deer in the Reserve. Information about the tiger population in the vicinity of the Reserve is considered.
Priroda. 2022;(1):51-59
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The First Finding of Epibionts on the Shells of the Ural Atrypids
Resumo
The article represents data on the first findings of epibionts on the shells of atrypids Carinatina arimaspa (from the Karpin horizon, Emsian) and Karpinskia conjugula (from the Pragien) of the eastern slope of the Northern Urals. A single specimen of Palaeconchus was found on the dorsal flap of the shell of Carinatina arimaspa near the lateral comissura. Traces of drilling were found on two shells of Carinatina arimaspa and on two shells of Karpinskia conjugula near the comissura. The discovered settlers account for only about 1.5% of the total number of atrypids studied, which indicates either the extreme rarity of the epibionts themselves or the rarity of the use of the atrypid shells by epibionts. The problem of time the epibiont attached to the brachiopod shell — during its life or after its death — depends on the determination of the systematic affiliation of drilling organisms. If the drilling was done by algae, then we can assume their postmortal settlement. If the tracks belong to sponges, we should talk about their lifetime settlement.
Priroda. 2022;(1):60-63
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2021 Nobel Prize Laureates in Physics — Syukuro Manabe and Klaus Hasselmann
Resumo
One half (1/4 each) of the Nobel Prize was awarded to climatologists Syukuro Manabe and Klaus Hasselmann “for the physical modelling of the Earth’s climate, quantitative variability and reliably predicting global warming”. This is not the first time the Nobel Committee has noted the problem of climate change. However, for the first time, scientists who laid the foundations of modern climatology were awarded directly.
Priroda. 2022;(1):64-67
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A New Attempt to Understand the Origin of a Language (review of the book: N.S.Rozov. The origin of language and consciousness. How social orders and communicative concerns promote the origin of speech and cognitive abilities)
Resumo
Новую книгу Н.С.Розова бесспорно следует считать новаторской. По богатству содержания ее можно сравнить только с фундаментальной сводкой «Эволюция языка» Уильяма Фитча (W.T.Fitch) [1]. Впрочем, две эти книги резко отличаются по характеру организации материала. У Фитча он строго рассортирован по стандартным традиционным категориям, таким, например, как археология, палеонтология, эволюция анатомических особенностей антропоидов, гоминид и человека (мозг, аппарат вокализации и пр.). В книге Розова основной интерес сосредоточен на выявлении генезиса, взаимосвязей и взаимовлияний различных факторов, значимых в процессе эволюции языка — не только в области трансформаций коммуникативных систем как таковых, но также палеоклиматических, экологических и социальных. Последним уделено особое внимание. Такой подход, ориентированный на синтез сведений, накопленных в разных разделах эволюционной антропологии, предопределил характер изложения — обилие классификаций при систематизации эволюционных явлений самых разных уровней общности. Тому же служит иллюстративный материал, представленный весьма многочисленными блок-схемами.
Priroda. 2022;(1):72-77
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NEW BOOKS
Resumo
Материаловедение. Химическая физика. В.В.Кудинов, Н.В.Корнеева. И.Н.Крылов. ВЛИЯНИЕ КОМПОНЕНТОВ НА СВОЙСТВА ПОЛИМЕРНЫХ КОМПОЗИЦИОННЫХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ. Монография-справочник. М.: Наука, 2021. 134 с. Зоология. Этология. А.В.Клёнова, И.А.Володин. ПРАКТИКУМ ПО БИОАКУСТИКЕ. Учебное пособие. М.: Товарищество научных изданий КМК, 2021. 100 с. История науки. Иммунология. Ю.В.Чайковский. ИСТОРИК НАУКИ В ВИХРЕ СОБЫТИЙ. Т.2: ЭВОЛЮЦИЮ НАДО ПОНЯТЬ СЕГОДНЯ. М.: Товарищество научных изданий КМК, 2021. 464 с. Экология. Л.Н.Ердаков. МНОГОЛЕТНИЕ ЦИКЛЫ В ПОПУЛЯЦИЯХ ЖИВОТНЫХ. М.: Товарищество научных изданий КМК, 2021. 658 с.
Priroda. 2022;(1):78-79
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