Solid-phase synthesis of ZnFe2O4 and electrochemical properties

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Abstract

The synthesis and electrophysical properties of spinel ferrite ZnFe₂O₄ obtained by solid-phase interaction using mechanoactivation have been considered in this study. The study encompasses a comprehensive analysis of the phase composition and crystal structure, employing X-ray phase analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential thermal analysis to elucidate the thermal effects and synthesis steps. Impedance spectroscopy was employed to investigate the electrophysical properties, thereby confirming the considerable impact of firing temperature on electrical conductivity. The results demonstrate that the electrical conductivity of the material increases by an order of magnitude when the firing temperature is increased up to 1000°C. This suggests the potential for the use of ZnFe2O4 as a cathode material for lithium-ion and metal-ion batteries. This work emphasises the importance of optimising synthesis conditions to achieve high performance of electrode materials.

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About the authors

V. V. Efremov

Sakhalin State University; Institute of Industrial Problems of Ecology of the North

Author for correspondence.
Email: v.efremov@ksc.ru
Russian Federation, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, 693000; Apatity, 184209

R. I. Korneikov

Sakhalin State University; Tananaev Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Rare Elements and Mineral Raw Materials

Email: v.efremov@ksc.ru
Russian Federation, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, 693000; Apatity, 184209

S. V. Aksenova

Tananaev Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Rare Elements and Mineral Raw Materials

Email: v.efremov@ksc.ru
Russian Federation, Apatity, 184209

O. E. Kravchenko

Tananaev Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Rare Elements and Mineral Raw Materials

Email: v.efremov@ksc.ru
Russian Federation, Apatity, 184209

O. I. Akhmetov

Sakhalin State University

Email: v.efremov@ksc.ru
Russian Federation, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, 693000

I. G. Tananaev

Tananaev Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Rare Elements and Mineral Raw Materials

Email: v.efremov@ksc.ru
Russian Federation, Apatity, 184209

O. O. Shichalin

Sakhalin State University

Email: v.efremov@ksc.ru
Russian Federation, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, 693000

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. Scheme of ZnFe2O4 samples preparation by solid-phase method.

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3. Fig. 2. Temperature dependences of DTA and TG for ZnO-Fe2O3 reaction mixture.

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4. Fig. 3. Crystal structure of zinc ferrite ZnFe2O4.

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5. Fig. 4. X-ray diffraction patterns of spinel ferrite ZnFe2O4 samples synthesized at temperatures of 800 (a) and 900°C (b).

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6. Fig. 5. Example of Voronoi polyhedron constructed for oxygen anion.

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7. Fig. 6. 3D migration map of Zn2+ cation in the crystal structure of ZnFe2O4.

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8. Fig. 7. Complex impedance diagrams of ZnFe2O4 synthesized at temperatures of 800 (a), 900 (b) and 1000°C (c).

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9. Fig. 8. Equivalent substitution diagram for samples synthesized at 800 and 900°C.

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10. Fig. 9. Equivalent substitution scheme for the sample synthesized at 1000°C.

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11. Fig. 10. Temperature dependence of electrical conductivity of spinel ferrite sample synthesized at 900°C.

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12. Fig. 11. Temperature dependence of electrical conductivity of spinel ferrite sample synthesized at 1000°C.

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