Eruptive products from the Bezymianny volcano eruption on April 7, 2023

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Resumo

We have obtained the first data on the chemical composition of the eruptive materials from the explosive eruption of Bezymianny volcano on April 7, 2023. Our unique collection includes freshly sampled pumice lapilli from the eruption and juvenile blocks from pyroclastic flows. We have identified interesting patterns in both macro components and specific chalcophile elements, such as copper. The rocks we studied belong to medium-K two-pyroxene basaltic andesite (55.5‒57 wt. % SiO2), with mafic enclaves characterized by a slightly more primitive composition (53.7 wt. % SiO2). According to mineral geothermometry data, the phenocrysts of basaltic andesite crystallized at temperatures in the range from 940 to 960°C, while the formation of phenocryst rims and microlites occurred at 980°C, which corresponds to conditions immediately before the eruption. The composition of volcanic glass allows us to estimate the pressure at which the magma reached the last equilibrium with crystallizing phases before eruption (0.5‒0.6 kbar). Based on these findings, we have formulated hypotheses about the potential evolution of the shallow magma chamber of Bezymianny volcano during the period from 2017 to 2023.

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Sobre autores

V. Davydova

Lomonosov Moscow State University

Autor responsável pela correspondência
Email: vestadav@gmail.com

Geological Faculty

Rússia, Leninskie Gory, 1, Moscow, 119991

R. Kuznetsov

Institute of Volcanology and Seismology FEB RAS

Email: vestadav@gmail.com
Rússia, Piipa bulvar, 9, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, 683006

O. Dirksen

Institute of Volcanology and Seismology FEB RAS

Email: vestadav@gmail.com
Rússia, Piipa bulvar, 9, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, 683006

D. Melnikov

Institute of Volcanology and Seismology FEB RAS

Email: vestadav@gmail.com
Rússia, Piipa bulvar, 9, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, 683006

A. Ermolinsky

Lomonosov Moscow State University

Email: vestadav@gmail.com

Geological Faculty

Rússia, Leninskie Gory, 1, Moscow, 119991

V. Yapaskurt

Lomonosov Moscow State University

Email: vestadav@gmail.com

Geological Faculty

Rússia, Leninskie Gory, 1, Moscow, 119991

Bibliografia

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2. Fig. 1. Deposits from the explosive eruption of Bezymyanny volcano on April 7, 2023. a – pyroclastic deposits on the slopes of Bezymyanny volcano after the eruption. Image from the Sentinel-2 satellite on April 29, 2023 (https://www.sentinel-hub.com/). Asterisks mark sampling locations in April (green) and August (yellow) 2023; b – the interior of the juvenile block, August 2023; c – the surface of the pyroclastic flow, August 2023.

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3. Fig. 2. Ashfall during the eruption on April 7, 2023 The falling pumiceous lapilli are clearly visible. They also stand out clearly on the snow covered with thin ash (a). Lapilli on the snow near the Ambon rock the day after the eruption (04/08/2023, photo by I.A. Nuzhdaev) (b). Pumiceous lapilli of the tephra of the Bezymyanny volcano immediately after selection (photo by V.I. Frolov) (c).

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4. Fig. 3. Gross composition of the products of the eruption of April 7, 2023 in comparison with the compositions of the products of other eruptions of the modern eruptive cycle (the compositions are given according to the works [Turner et al., 2013; Girina et al., 2019; Davydova et al., 2022, 2024]).

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5. Fig. 4. Variations in copper content in eruptive products of Bezymyanny volcano. See Fig. 3 for legend.

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6. Fig. 5. General view of eruptive products, reflected electron images (a, b) and the bulk of the studied samples, reflected electron images (c, d). a – sample ODV-2 (lapilli); b – sample VK2302 (inner part of a large juvenile block from a pyroclastic flow); c – sample ODV-2 (lapilli); d – sample VK2302 (inner part of a large juvenile block).

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7. Fig. 6. Composition of volcanic glasses of the studied samples. See Fig. 3 for legend. Grey circles indicate average compositions of glasses from the 2006–2017 eruptions [Davydova et al., 2022], in the absence of an error bar, its value is less than the size of the symbol.

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8. Fig. 7. Graph of thermal emission distribution at Bezymyanny volcano for the period 2012–2023, according to VIIRS Nightfire satellite monitoring data. Red line – cumulative radiated energy, in J. Auxiliary axis – logarithm of radiated volcanic power, in MW. Black vertical lines – dates of volcanic eruption. Green areas – periods of open volcanic system.

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9. Fig. 8. Comparison of the distribution graph of thermal emission at Bezymyanny volcano for the period 2012–2023, according to VIIRS Nightfire satellite monitoring data, with previously published data from the MIROVA algorithm [Coppola et al., 2021] on the distribution of thermal emission before the break in explosive activity in the period 2012–2016. Black vertical lines are the dates of the volcano’s eruption.

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