The Impact of Typhoon Hinnamnor (September 2022) on Coastal Upwelling in the Northwestern Japan Sea According Satellite Observations

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Enhanced wind-driven water upwelling was observed off the north-west coast of the Japan Sea in the summer of 2022. The upwelling index calculation showed that the coastal upwelling was induced by offshore Ekman transport. The offshore transport is largely controlled by mesoscale processes, involving mesoscale eddies and filaments. Based on the multisatellite and meteorological data sets our results provide opportunity to observe the upwelling response to the strong Typhoon Hinnamnor (September 2022). The typhoon resulted in the separation of the upwelling core from the coast and subsequent advective transport of cold waters toward the deep part of the northern Japan Sea. The intensification of advection was determined by the interaction of upwelling waters with the mesoscale anticyclonic meander of the Tsushima Current. Under the influence of strong winds of typhoon, a sharp temperature decrease in upwelling filaments was observed. The typhoon increased upwelling in the western shelf region of the Tartar Strait. In September 2022 coastal upwelling resulted in the formation of a negative surface temperature anomaly in the northern part of the Japan Sea.

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作者简介

I. Zhabin

Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: zhabin@poi.dvo.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Vladivostok

E. Dmitrieva

Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: zhabin@poi.dvo.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Vladivostok

V. Dubina

Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: zhabin@poi.dvo.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Vladivostok

S. Taranova

Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: zhabin@poi.dvo.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Vladivostok

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2. Fig. 1. The trajectory of typhoon Hinnamnor (a), a fragment of the surface synoptic analysis map at 12:00 06.09.2022 (b) and the distribution of the direction and speed of the driving wind in the northern part of the Sea of Japan according to NCEI data at 12:00 07.09.2022 (c). 1a, the stages of typhoon development are highlighted in color: blue – tropical depression; yellow – tropical storm; red – typhoon; purple – cyclone of temperate latitudes. The numbers in the large circles on the typhoon's trajectory indicate the dates (00:00) of the position of the typhoon's center. The black dots on the coast show the coastal hydrometeorological stations: 1 – Olga; 2 – Sosunovo; 3 – Sovetskaya Gavan.

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3. Fig. 2. The position of the points for which the upwelling index was calculated (a) and the results of the IA calculation for the Tatar Strait (b), the eastern (c) and southern (d) coast of Primorye. Solid thin lines show the 6-hour IA values, the bars correspond to the daily average values of the index. The color of the points on the map corresponds to the color on the graphs. Arrows (a) indicate the boundaries of the areas for which the average IA was calculated: 1 – Southern Primorye; 2 – Eastern Primorye; 3 – the coast of the Tatar Strait.

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4. Fig. 3. Distribution of surface temperature in the northern part of the Sea of Japan on 08/28/2022 (GHRSST and NOAA data). The arrows show the position of the upwelling nuclei, the rectangles show the position of the transverse jet streams located at 46.5° and 47.5° N.

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5. Fig. 4. Satellite infrared image (MODIS Aqua) of the northwestern part of the Sea of Japan, obtained on 09/3/2022 at 03:25. Dark tones in the image correspond to cold waters associated with upwelling, light colors correspond to warmer waters of the adjacent areas of the sea. The arrows show anticyclonic vortices A1, A2, and A3 and cyclonic vortex C. Jet streams propagate along the periphery of these vortex structures. The upwelling front near the Eastern Primorye was connected to the edge of the shelf (200 m isobate). Mesoscale vortices were located above the continental slope. Isobates are constructed according to GEBCO 23 data.

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6. Fig. 5. Distribution of the velocities of total geostrophic and wind currents in the surface layer, obtained on 7.09.2022 (a) and the distribution of surface temperature on 8.09.2022 (b) according to GHRSST and NOAA data. Symbols: AMCT is an anticyclonic meander of the Tsushima current, A1 is an anticyclonic vortex in the area of the Tatar Strait.

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7. Fig. 6. Distribution of surface temperature in the northern part of the Sea of Japan on 09/10/2022 (GHRSST and NOAA data). A new coastal upwelling zone has appeared off the western coast of the Tatar Strait (46.5–48.5° N).

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8. Fig. 7. Spatial distribution of TPM anomalies in the northern part of the Sea of Japan in September 2022 relative to the average values for 1982-2023 (NOAA data).

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