Comparison of the images of hot spots and mantle plumes of various types in the lithospheric magnetic anomalies field

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The spatial distribution of the lithospheric magnetic anomalies Maps of the spatial distribution of the lithospheric magnetic anomaly field for three hot spot areas: Hawaii, Afar and Iceland were analyzed in order to solve the interdisciplinary problem of the hot spots and mantle plumes impact on the lithosphere. To construct the plume and hot spot magnetic images the experimental data of the CHAMP satellite was used which were obtained in the last year of its operation, 2010, at a minimum level of 280-260 km. The database of the anomalous magnetic field parameters has been supplemented for areas where materials on these hot spots were already available, and new data has been obtained for the part of the Pacific Ocean where the Hawaiian hotspot is located. Maps of lithospheric magnetic anomalies have been constructed for the central Pacific Ocean, the East African rift zone and the North Atlantic. It is shown that magnetic images of the various types of hotspots: oceanic Hawaiian, continental Ethiopian and island Icelandic appear themselves in different ways, which reflect the consequences of tectonic processes that took place earlier and are currently developing in the territories under consideration. It is shown that the use of satellite observations of the lithospheric magnetic field in areas with mantle plume activity when being combined with other geological and geophysical regional data could add considerable information to the overall picture of the tectonic processes study.

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作者简介

L. Abramova

Geoelectromagnetic Research Centre, Shmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth, Russian Academy of Sciences

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: labramova@igemi.troitsk.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Moscow, Troitsk

D. Abramova

Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere, and Radio Wave Propagation, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: labramova@igemi.troitsk.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Moscow, Troitsk

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2. Fig. 1. Mantle plume and its hotspot. CMB – core-mantle boundary (Nataf, 2000).

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3. Fig. 2. Study area of the Hawaiian hotspot. White dots are seismic stations and earthquakes. The hotspot is marked with a red triangle. The location of the study area is shown in the inset as a rectangular frame in the central Pacific Ocean (Lei, Zhao, 2006).

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4. Fig. 3. (a) The result of seismic tomography of p-wave velocities beneath the Hawaiian hotspot at some representative depths, the number on the left is the depth (km) of each layer. The color indicates the percent deviation of velocities to the smaller (red) or larger (blue) side from the average mantle velocity (based on (Lei, Zhao, 2006)). (b) Distribution of the LMA field (Ta) in the study area. The map was constructed using the blockmedian averaging over 40 × 40 km blocks by GMT (Wessel, Smith, 2007). Scale values are in nT.

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5. Fig. 4. Distribution of the LMA (Ta) field over part of the Pacific Ocean. The plot was constructed using the blockmedian averaging over 80 × 80 km blocks by GMT (Wessel, Smith, 2007). Scale values are in nT.

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6. Fig. 5. Map of the LMA (Ta) over the Ethiopian Plateau / East African Rift Zone area. The letters indicate: ETH – Ethiopian Plateau; AF – Afar Basin; MER – Main Ethiopian Rift. Scale values are in nT.

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7. Fig. 6. Map of the LMA (Ta) at an altitude of 280 km over the North Atlantic; AO – Atlantic Ocean; GRN – Greenland; ICL – Iceland; thick solid line – position of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge; dotted line – supposed trajectory of the Icelandic plume; PL – present-day position of the plume and the Icelandic hotspot. Scale values in nT.

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8. Fig. 7. (a) Spatial distribution of the LMA (Ta) field at a level of 260 km above the territory of Iceland. The dotted line indicates the trajectory of the Icelandic plume; solid thin line – seismic profile NW – SE; PL – present-day position of the hotspot. Scale values in nT. (b) Vertical section of seismic velocity anomalies for a three-dimensional model along the NW – SE profile in the territory of Iceland (Allen et al., 2002).

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