Treatment for neonatal respiratory distress syndrome in extremely low-birth weight premature infants: selection of respiratory support

The paper deals with the urgent problem of perinatology and neonatal resuscitation - the treatment of extremely premature infants with neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS). It discusses the epidemiology, survival, and perinatal outcomes in premature babies. NRDS is a severe respiratory disorder in premature babies due to immaturity of the lungs and primary surfactant deficiency. The paper shows the high sociomedical significance of the impact of gestational age and extremely low-birth weight on the severity and progression of respiratory failure in extremely premature infants. It presents the clinical manifestations and features of the diagnosis of NRDS. The Silverman-Andersen respiratory severity score is applied. The paper discusses the modern principles of and approaches to performing a starting and prolonged respiratory therapy as mechanical ventilation with biphasic positive airway pressure (BIPAP). The authors give their preliminary results of using non-invasive mechanical ventilation in the duoPAP mode, an analogue of BIPAP through nasal cannulas. They consider indications, contraindications, and predictors of effective use of duoPAP in a in extremely low-birth weight premature infant within the first hours and days.

perinatology, neonatology, premature newborns, extremely low-birth weight, neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, respiratory failure, non-invasive mechanical ventilation, neonatal intensive care, respiratory support, surfactant, premature birth