MORTALITY FROM DISEASES OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT

Purpose - to study the contribution of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) to mortality from all causes, to analyze the nosological structure of mortality associated with the GIT in 52 regions of Russia 2019-2020. Material and methods: Rosstat data on the population and the number of deaths in annual age groups according to the "Brief nomenclature of the causes of death of Rosstat' (KNPSR). All causes associated with lesions of the gastrointestinal tract (total 35 lines for KNPSR) for 2019 and 2020 were selected. in 52 regions of the Russian Federation, the number of which exceeded 1 million people. Standardized mortality rates (SDRs) were calculated using software. When calculating the SDR, the old European population standard for 2015 and 2019 was used. Results: The average regional values of SDR associated with gastrointestinal diseases in 2020 compared to 2019 significantly increased (125.10±23.05 and 120.67±23.51 per 100 thousand population; p=0.018). Their share in the structure of mortality from all causes was 12.47±1.88% in 2019 and 10.97±1.70 in 2020 (p<0.0001). The average regional SDR from malignant neoplasms did not change, from diseases of the digestive system (DDS; class XI) increased (from 57.6±14.0 to 63.0±12.0 per 100 thousand of the population; p=0.001). The contribution to mortality from diseases of the gastrointestinal tract of diseases of the XI class and cancer of the gastrointestinal tract is comparable: 46.89±5.17% and 51.77±4.69 in 2019 and in 2020 49.4±4.5 and 49.36±4.42%, respectively (p=0.001). The proportion of gastrointestinal diseases from the class of infectious diseases was 1.2±1.1 and 1.1±1.0%, and congenital anomalies and malformations were less than 0.5%. The highest SDRs are recorded from diseases of the liver, cancer of the stomach and intestines. In 2020, the average regional values of SDR from non-oncological intestinal diseases requiring surgical operations and their contribution to the structure of mortality increased (compared to 2019). Significant variability and multidirectional dynamics of regional SDR values from individual causes were revealed. Conclusions. Mortality from all diseases of the gastrointestinal tract is twice as high as mortality from DDS (class XI). DDS account for half of all deaths from diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, on average in the regions a quarter of deaths (from the entire gastrointestinal tract) are associated with hepatitis/ fibrosis/cirrhosis of the liver. An increase in mortality from non-oncological bowel diseases requiring surgical operations has been noted.