Vol 27, No 2 (2016)

Constipation is extremely urgent health problem. The prevalence of this syndrome in Russia is 20%. In the work with current recommendations presented effective schemes of diagnosis and treatment of chronic constipation, focused on various material resources.

Silent sinus syndrome (SSS) is called as spontaneous and progressive enophthalmos and descent of the eyeball with resorption of the orbital floor and inward retraction of the ipsilateral maxillary sinus (MS) wall. The problem is more commonly idiopathic. The negative pressure in the MS caused by obstruction of its natural ostium plays a leading role in the development of SSS. Its treatment is surgical; its goal is to restore MS drainage and aeration and to correct enophthalmos and descent of the eyeball.

The authors have investigated conservative treatments for snoring and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: they have analyzed changes in nasal patency and apnea/hypopnea index in patients during halotherapy and topical intranasal glucocorticosteroid treatment.

The treatment of patients with progressive disseminated fibrous-cavernous tuberculosis complicated by pyopneumothorax and pleural empyema with bronchial fistula is one of the most difficult problems of lung surgery. The specific features of this patient group are obvious respiratory dysfunctions, cardiopulmonary failure, which do not allow a radical interaction to be performed simultaneously. This clinical example demonstrates the efficiency of staging surgical tactics on the ipsilateral side of main lesion and further pleuropneumonectomy.

A surgical algorithm was created to eliminate liquorrhea developing at cochlear implantation in patients with inner ear abnormalities. Intraoperative liquorrhea successfully eliminated in all cases occurred during 12 surgical interventions while dissecting the membrane of the fenestra cochleae or applying cochleostoma. Otoliquorrhea may be always completely removed at cochlear implantation via the classical approach irrespective of how the spiral canal is opened (through cochleostoma or the membrane of the fenestra cochleae). Intraoperative liquorrhea does not affect the results of auditory-verbal rehabilitation in patients with congenital inner ear abnormality.

The results of treatment were assessed in 30 patients with severe respiratory failure in the presence of its rapid progression and suppressed natural expectoration.

Multiple surgical interventions into the larynx could not produce a stable result because of rescarring in the described clinical observation of a female patient with cicatrical and paralytic laryngeal stenosis and tracheosoma. A gluten-free diet was recommended due to the found gluten susceptibility. As a consequence the manifestations of pharyngolaryngeal reflux were alleviated, which could preserve the steady-state lumen of the glottis after the laryngeal scar was dissected.

The paper considers the importance of radiotherapy in the combination treatment of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). It describes different radiotherapy options and possibilities of combined treatments in patients with NSCLC.

Diabetes mellitus was ascertained to have a negative impact on the quality of professional performance in drivers; pharmacotherapy ensures effective control of their psychosomatic health and safe vehicle driving.

In patients with chronic diffuse liver diseases of viral origin, the leading types of a change in the geometry of left cardiac segments are remodeling to form predominantly concentric left ventricular hypertrophy. This type of left ventricular remodeling was encountered significantly more frequently in liver cirrhosis associated with HBV and HCV infection.

The article contains data from different sources and the results of own research on application various schemes of antihelicobactery therapy at children with chronic gastroduodenitis. High efficiency of use is shown at treatment of this pathology of immunocorrigent medicines.

Patients with inflammatory bowel diseases are at high risk for colonic dysplasia and cancer, which necessitates endoscopic and histological examinations. Their results in these patients directly determine the management tactics that requires a multidisciplinary approach in many cases.

The quality of medical care and the results of treatment depend on the efficiency of information exchange between a physician and a patient. The medical consultation is a process that is well amenable to structuration. The physician’s knowledge of the elements constituting this process improves manageability in information exchange and reduces the risk of medical errors associated with communication defects. The key phases of the medical consultation and recommendations for effective behavior in each of them are given.

Ways of improving work on active detection of pulmonary tuberculosis are proposed on the basis of an analysis of deaths from the disease during the first year of a follow-up and its postmortem diagnosis in its low-incidence area.