Vol 27, No 10 (2016)

The paper considers the existing classifications of diphtheria. It provides criteria for determining its severity and the starting doses of antidiphtheric serum, which are recommended for use in different forms of the disease.

The paper presents the basic mechanisms of heartburn and its drug therapy policy in pregnant women. It emphasizes the role of gastroesophageal reflux and an association of heartburn in pregnancy with the subsequent development of gastroesophageal reflux disease.

In addition to osteoarthritis, there is subchondral bone osteoporosis and osteomalacia in most patients to undergo knee arthroplasty. This leads to the conclusion that a knee joint endoprosthesis is implanted in the obviously weakened bone. Medical treatment of osteoporosis and osteomalacia is therefore required in the perioperative period.

The treatment of complications of peptic ulcer disease is one of the most relevant problems in urgent surgery. The most common complication of pyloroduodenal ulcers is stenosis (18-57% of all peptic ulcer complications); 3-19% of patients have simultaneously a perforated ulcer. The choice of an optimal surgical method and a way to manage the postoperative period, to prevent and treat postoperative complications remains controversial. There is no uniform tactic for managing this category of patients, therefore high overall and postoperative mortality rates remain in both our country and in the world.

The paper considers Bouvereïs syndrome, a rare form of obstruction of the bowel due to impaction of a gallstone in the pylorus or duodenum. It also analyzes the current data available in the world literature and the authors’ experience.

The results of multislice spiral computed tomography of the long bones in 71 patients with chronic osteomyelitis allowed us to obtain the comprehensive information on anatomical and structural changes in the bone and soft tissues, which is sufficient to make a surgical treatment decision.

The paper analyzes the clinical, morphological, and functional results of canal wall down mastoidectomy with mastoid obliteration in patients with chronic otitis media (COM) with cholesteatoma and labyrinthine fistula (LF). The results have shown that the simultaneous canal wall down mastoidectomy with mastoid obliteration in patients with COM with cholesteatoma and LF is acceptable in the surgical treatment COM with FL. The dense plastic materials (bone, cartilage) impede the transmission of changed pressure and temperature in the middle ear to the fluids of the labyrinth, by preventing vestibular symptoms.

Long-term outcomes and quality of life have been studied after resection and drainage surgery for chronic pancreatitis complicated by biliary and duodenal obstruction. The advantages of resection surgery are shown and indications for the choice of a surgical method are specified.

Renometric indicators and renal arterial resistive index were investigated in the second half of pregnancy complicated by preeclampsia (PE). A significant increase in the sizes of the kidney and calicopelvic system was established in the course of pregnancy. If PE develops, there is a progressive increase in peripheral vascular resistance in the renal arteries.

Ankle ligament laxity can have unpleasant consequences, such as a decrease in the range of motion, persistent pain, swelling and chronic joint instability. The use of different dosage forms of Traumeel S to treat locomotor system diseases and injuries is considered.

This given analysis of the morbidity rates of acute intestinal infections (AII) in the Moscow Region over a five-year period confirms the leading position of rotaviruses in the pattern of decrypted diarrheas in children aged 0-6 years. Triple identification of rotavirus excretion in children observed at four hospitals suggests that the causative agents are widely prevalent during a year. The compliance of circulating genotypes with the rotavirus strains included in the pentavalent vaccine for immunizing babies to prevent this infection makes it possible to expect the incidence of AII to be reduced after mass vaccination of infants within the first year of life.