Diagnosis of Parkinson's disease by biomedical imaging methods on the example of a clinical case

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Worldwide, Parkinson's disease (PD; primary Parkinsonism) is ahead of other neurological disorders in terms of the growth rate of disability and mortality. Despite significant progress in the study of the etiopathogenesis of PD, early diagnosis is a difficult clinical task. The long latent phase of the disease and the absence of reliable laboratory markers often cause a delay in diagnostic neuroimaging, which, together with the potential unwillingness of the radiologist to see changes characteristic of the neurodegenerative process, leads to untimely diagnosis and, as a consequence, a delay in the appointment of therapy.

This article provides a literary review of generally recognized visualization patterns of the disease in accordance with modern concepts, and also discusses the issues of differential diagnosis of PD with the most common Parkinsonism-plus syndromes. A clinical case of the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease in a 93-year-old patient by structural magnetic resonance imaging is presented.

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作者简介

V. Ryazanov

Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: val9126@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0037-2854

Doctor of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor

俄罗斯联邦, Saint Petersburg

V. Kutsenko

Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia

Email: val9126@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9755-1906

Candidate of Medical Sciences

俄罗斯联邦, Saint Petersburg

R. Postanogov

Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia

Email: val9126@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0523-9411
俄罗斯联邦, Saint Petersburg

P. Seliverstov

V.A. Almazov National Medical Research Center; S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy

Email: val9126@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5623-4226

Candidate of Medical Sciences

俄罗斯联邦, Saint Petersburg; Saint Petersburg

M. Gafiatulin

Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia

Email: val9126@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5224-1717
俄罗斯联邦, Saint Petersburg

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2. Fig. 1. Anatomical formations of the midbrain are normal (macropreparation): 1 – the reticular part of the substantia nigra; 2 – the compact part of the substantia nigra; 3 – the red nucleus; 4 – the motor nucleus of the oculomotor nerve; 5 – gray matter near the aqueduct; 6 – the Sylvian aqueduct; 7 – the medial longitudinal bundle; 8 – the superior colliculus quadrilateral; 9 – the spinothalamic tract; 10 – the medial lemniscus; 11 – medial geniculate body; 12 – the legs of the brain

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3. Fig. 2. Dovetail symptom (diagram): 1 – nigrosome 1; 2 – substantia nigra; 3 – medial lemniscus; 4 – red nucleus; 5 – mastoid bodies; 6 – interpeduncular fossa (Selikhova M.V., Katunina E.A., Voun A., 2019)

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