The methodical bases for placental tissue examination and the optimization of material pre-preparation regimens


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Abstract

The purpose of the investigation is to analyze the factors influencing placental morphofunctional indicators and to elaborate an algorithm to take and store samples of the placenta, umbilical cord, and fetal membranes for morphological and molecular biological studies. The paper gives information from that normative documents regulating the need for placental morphological studies and also summarizes the data available in the literature on histological, immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, molecular biological, and molecular genetic examinations of tissue samples. The specific features of influence of hypoxia and an infectious agent on placental structures are noted. A procedure to take and store placental samples is shown to be primarily determined by study tasks. Guidelines for the taking, fixation, and storage of placental samples are given in relation to the objectives, tasks, and type of an investigation. There are specific features of examining the placenta in the presence of its macroscopic changes and in relation to the type of delivery. The optimal time to sample materials (placenta, fetal membranes, and umbilical cord) is given for morphological and molecular biological studies during spontaneous and operative delivery. The material stored in the refrigerator less than 2 days is suitable for routine morphological analysis; materials for molecular biological examinations should be sampled immediately after delivery. The authors underlie the need for a parallel morphological analysis of a tissue portion taken for molecular biological examination in order to obtain the objective characteristics of a sample and to verify available changes. Recommendations are given to obtain biological materials and to set up a biobank where the samples should be divided according to diagnosis, the type of a biosample (tissue, blood, cell culture, and DNA) and the place (conditions) of storage, which determine the validity and efficiency of molecular genetic examinations.

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About the authors

Natalia V. Nizyaeva

Academician V.I. Kulakov Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of the Russia

Email: niziaeva@gmail.com
Senior Researcher, Second Pathology Department

Yulia S. Volkova

Academician V.I. Kulakov Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of the Russia

Email: volcko.yulia@yandex.ru
Pathologist, Second Pathology Department

Svetlana M. Mullabaeva

Academician V.I. Kulakov Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of the Russia

Email: s_mullabaeva@oparina4.ru
Chief of Laboratory for collect and store biomaterials

Alexander I. Shchegolev

Academician V.I. Kulakov Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of the Russia

Email: ashegolev@oparina4.ru
PhD, Chief of pathology Department

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