Clinical and anamnestic risk factors for preeclampsia in pregnant women

Objective. To build a prognostic mathematical model to calculate an individual risk for preeclampsia (PE) on the basis of clinical and anamnestic data. Subjects and methods. A retrospective case-control study covering 320 women was conducted. A study group consisted of 160 patients with PE. A control group was formed using the pair matching method in accordance with 2 signs: domicile (urban/area area) and social status (income level), which also comprised 160 women. The investigators analyzed the anamnestic risk factors of PE as a whole and also early PE (occurring before 34 weeks of pregnancy) and late PE (occurring at 34 weeks’ gestation) separately. Multivariate analysis (logistic regression) was used to construct a PE prognostic model and to calculate an individual risk. Results. The risk factors of PE are patient age and chronic hypertension. In this case, the only proven predictor for early PE is chronic hypertension (by 3.7 times more frequently) and that for late PE was a female age more than 36 years (by 2 times more commonly). A model to measure the individual risk of PE was built on the basis of clinical and anamnestic data. Conclusion. Different risk factors for various forms of PE may be suggestive of the different genesis of these conditions. Early PE is characterized by early vascular bed lesion, which proves the great risk of its occurrence in patients with vascular disease (hypertension). Late PE may show secondary impairment in placental blood flow at a late gestational age. The possible trigger of late PE is immunological intolerance, causing a systemic inflammatory response. The compromised somatic and obstetric risk associated with old patient age can make a tangible contribution to the development of these pathological processes.

preeclampsia, early preeclampsia, late preeclampsia, chronic hypertension, risk factors