Clinical characteristics of pregnancy in women with gestational diabetes mellitus

Objective. To study clinical, anamnestic and laboratory risk factors of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Materials and methods. The study included 220 women aged from 18 to 43 years. The patients were divided into two groups and subgroups: group I consisted of 118patients with GDM, group Ia - 94 patients with GDM on diet therapy, group Ib - 24patients with GDM on insulin therapy; group II included 102 women with uncomplicated pregnancy. Age indicators, history of somatic and gynecological diseases, reproductive history, characteristics of the current pregnancy, indicators of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), ultrasound parameters of fetal growth have been studied in detail. Results. GDM was significantly more common in multigravidas aged from 26 to 37 years. These patients were significantly more likely to have inherited type 2 diabetes mellitus, GDM in the previous pregnancy. They are characterized by an earlier age of menarche, uterine fibroids, infertility and a past history of artificial abortion. The course of pregnancy was complicated by the threatened miscarriage and dysbiotic disorders of the vaginal microbiota. The analysis of OGTT results showed the role of fasting hyperglycemia, as the most common reason for the insulin therapy. The tendency to higher fetal weight indicators in pregnant women with GDM starts at 18 weeks of gestation. Conclusion. The identified risk factors indicate the need for timely diagnosis of GDM to prevent pregnancy complications.

pregnancy, gestational diabetes mellitus, percentile, hyperglycemia, oral glucose tolerance test, risk factors, fetal macrosomia