Sociodemographic factors influencing the health of pregnant women: changes in the Arctic countries over the past decades


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Abstract

Objective. To study the past decades’ changes in the sociodemographic factors that determine the health of reproductive-aged women in the Arctic countries. Materials and methods. The paper presents a systematic review of studies that evaluate trends in the prevalence of sociodemographic factors that determine the health of reproductive-aged women in the Arctic countries over the past decades. The 1970-2019publications were sought by the results of cross-sectional, cohort studies of the trend in the MEDLINE and e-LIBRARY databases in Russian and English. The review also includes reports from the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation (RF), the statistical centers of Norway, Finland, and Denmark. Twenty-three studies met the selection criteria. Results. The investigators found pan-Artic trends: an increase in the mean age of primiparas, decreases in the teenage birth rate and in the proportion of married mothers, increases in the proportion of common-law mothers and in that of mothers who did highly skilled labor. By 2018, the mean age of mothers in the RF increased to 28.7 years. The mean age of primiparas in Finland in 2018 was 29.3years; and that in Norway and Denmark in 2019 was 29.8 and 29.5 years, respectively. The teenage birth rate in the RF fell to 20.7 births per 1,000girls aged 15-19, but this figure was much higher than that in Canada (8.4), Norway (5.1), Sweden (5.1), Finland (5.8), and Denmark (4.1). The proportion of married puerperas in the USSR in 1970 was 89.4% and that decreased to 78.2% (the RF data) in 2018. In Norway, that of married primiparas almost halved over this period. There was an increase in the proportion of primiparas with upper secondary and higher education. Conclusion. Over the past decades, considerable changes have been identified in the portrait of a pregnant woman, namely: there is an increase in the mean age of primiparas, decreases in the teenage birth rate and in the proportion of married mothers, and increases in the proportion of common-law mothers and in that of mothers who have upper secondary and higher education, and, consequently, are involved in highly skilled labor.

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About the authors

Natalia A. Treskina

Northern State Medical University; Norwegian University of Science and Technology

Email: natali163015@rambler.ru
the Central Scientific Research Laboratory

Vitaly A. Postoev

Northern State Medical University

Email: vipostoev@yandex.ru
PhD, lecturer at the Department of Public Health, Health Care and Social Work, Director of the International School of Public Health

Anna A. Usynina

Northern State Medical University

Email: perinat@mail.ru
PhD, Cand. Med. Sci, Associate Professor at the Department of Neonatology and Perinatology

Andrej M. Grjibovski

Northern State Medical University; Al Farabi Kazakh National University; West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University; North-Eastern Federal University

Email: andrej.grjibovski@gmail.com
PhD, Director of the Central Scientific Research Laboratory

Jon O. Odland

Norwegian University of Science and Technology; National Research University "Higher School of Economics"; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia

Email: jon.o.odland@ntnu.no
PhD, Professor at the Department of Global Health

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