Optimization of the trace element composition of breast milk, by enriching a women’s diet


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Abstract

Objective: to assess the possibility of optimizing the gross and trace element composition of breast milk and a baby’s demand, by enriching a woman’s diet. Literature was sought using the PubMed, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, Russian Science Citation Index, and CyberLeninka databases. According to the possibility of affecting their breast milk concentrations, minerals are divided into 3 groups. The breast milk concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium are maintained within a certain range, even in women who have their deficiencies. The concentrations of iron, copper, and zinc depend not so much on the current dietary intake in the mother as on her mineral status. The low mineral status formed in a woman during pregnancy leads to a decrease in the breast milk concentration of the minerals. A woman who has their deficiencies during pregnancy is susceptible to further depletion during breastfeeding. The breast milk concentrations of iodine and selenium depend not so much on the maternal status as on the current intake of these trace elements. The content of iodine and selenium in breast milk and the status of infants may be upgraded by increasing their current intake through the consumption of vitamin-mineral supplements or fortified foods by their breastfeeding mother. Since the breast milk levels of many elements are maintained due to the breastfeeding woman’s body, it is necessary to optimize the mineral status of an expectant mother even before the start of breastfeeding, which will prevent the depletion of these trace elements during breastfeeding and ensure the maintenance of her and her baby’s health. Conclusion. The intake of vitamin and mineral supplements during pregnancy and lactation not only eliminates multiple dietary trace nutrient deficiencies and improves the status of a breastfeeding woman, but also optimizes the trace nutrient composition of her breast milk and the baby’s supply.

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About the authors

Vera M. Kodentsova

Federal Research Centre of Nutrition and Biotechnology

Email: kodentsova@ionru
Dr. Bio. Sci., Professor, Chief Researcher of the Laboratory of Vitamins and Minerals Russia, Moscow

Dmitry V. Risnik

M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University

Email: biant3@mail.ru
PhD (Bio. Sci.), Leading Researcher, Faculty of Biology

Stanislav V. Pavlovich

Academician V.I.Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation

Email: s_pavlovich@oparina4ru
PhD (Med), Associate Professor, Scientific Secretary

Olga B. Ladodo

Academician V.I.Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation

Email: o_ladodo@oparina4.ru
PhD (Med), Head of the National Coordinating Center for Breastfeeding Support

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