Stress during pregnancy and developmental abnormalities of the neuroendocrine, immune, and reproductive systems in offspring during prenatal and postnatal ontogenesis: from the experiment to the elaboration of approaches to preserving human health


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Abstract

The authors analyze their own data and the data available in the literature on the negative various effects of stress on the development and functioning of the fetal neuroendocrine, immune, and reproductive systems, leading to disorders in the prenatal and postnatal ontogenetic periods. Poor maternal nutrition and lifestyle during pregnancy, pharmacological effects, and maternal bacterial and viral infections can change the molecular mechanisms of the development of these systems and suppress their functions for a long time. As a result, there is an increased risk for various metabolic, neuropsychiatric, immunological and reproductive disorders in the offspring. Prenatal deficiency of neurotransmitters and hormones, in particular serotonin, dopamine, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone, disrupts the development of the fetal thymus, while this impairs the functioning of T cell immunity in the postnatal period. The influence of infectious agents on the maternal body increases the risk of pathological conditions in the first trimester of pregnancy. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, the synthesis of which increases under the influence of these factors, cause developmental abnormalities in the neuroendocrine and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal systems. This leads to a decrease in the reproductive ability or infertility of sexually mature offspring. Conclusion. Timely detection of prenatal and early postnatal disorders caused by intrauterine inflammation opens up opportunities for preventing and correcting the consequences of fetal negative effects. To date, a lot of experience has been accumulated in the use of human immunoglobulins to treat recurrent miscarriage, as well as to prevent infection in premature newborns and low birth weight ones.

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About the authors

Vasilina M. Ignatyuk

N.K. Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences

Postgraduate student of the Laboratory of Biochemistry of Ontogenesis Processes Moscow, Russia

Marina S. Izvolskaya

N.K. Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences

PhD (Bio), Senior Researcher of the Laboratory of Biochemistry of Ontogenesis Processes Moscow, Russia

Liudmila A. Zakharova

N.K. Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: l-a-zakharova@mail.ru
Dr. Bio. Sci., Professor, Chief Scientific Officer of the Laboratory of Biochemistry of Ontogenesis Processes Moscow, Russia

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