Extragenital endometriosis: diagnostic difficulties, modern treatment policy


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Abstract

The incidence of extragenital endometriosis (EE) is 6-8% of all forms of endometriosis; however, there has been an increase in the prevalence of the disease in recent years. EE is characterized by the growth of tissue similar in morphological structure and function to the endometrium in the organs and tissues that are not related to the reproductive system. A wide range of non-specific clinical manifestations and the ensuing difficulties in diagnosing EE at various sites lead to its delayed diagnosis and to the absence of pathogenetically based therapy. The authors reviewed literature on the diagnosis and treatment of EE and analyzed their own experience on this topic. They described clinical cases, by providing the features of female patients’ medical histories, diagnosis, surgical and medical treatments for endometriosis of the intestine, catamenial pneumothorax, urinary system, and umbilicus. Conclusion: The diagnosis and treatment of extragenital forms of endometriosis requires an interdisciplinary approach, by attracting gynecologists, general and thoracic surgeons, urologists, and gastroenterologists, to decide on the personalized strategies for patient management and on the mandatory prescription of long-term pathogenetically based anti-relapse therapy.

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About the authors

Maria I. Yarmolinskaya

D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductology; I.I. Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia

Email: m.yarmolinskaya@gmail.com
Professor of Russian Academy of Sciences, Dr. Med. Sci., Professor, Head of the Department of Gynecology and Endocrinology, Head of the Center “Diagnostics and treatment of endometriosis”

Elena I. Rusina

D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductology

Email: pismo_rusina@mail.ru
Dr. Med. Sci., Leading Researcher at the Department of Gynecology and Endocrinology

Valeriia O. Semenova

D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductology

Email: pyankova.valeriia@rambler.ru
resident physician

Alexandra K. Beganova

D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductology

Email: alexandra.beganova@yandex.ru
Junior Researcher

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