The significance of the oocyte factor in the development of infertility of unclear genesis


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Abstract

Infertility of unclear genesis is diagnosed in a married couple with no obvious defects in the reproductive system. A number of cases with infertility of unclear genesis are found to have impaired processes of fertilization and early embryogenesis through in vitro fertilization (IVF) programs. This may suggest that infertility of unclear genesis may be due, inter alia, to gamete defects. The sources of world literature have been reviewed in the databases Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, Cochrane CENTRAL, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR), Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effectiveness (DARE), EMBASE, Global Health, CyberLeninka, and Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI) for a comprehensive study of the contribution of the oocyte factor to infertility. Diminished oocyte quality in most women is associated with their natural aging. However, some young women have low rates of fertilization and embryo development during IVF, which indirectly indicates the irregularly low quality of their oocytes and may be a manifestation of accelerated aging processes. In another portion of women, the low quality of oocytes is probably due to mutations in the genes encoding proteins involved in the processes of oocyte development. The low quality of oocytes may be associated with mutations in the PATL2, TUBB8, WEE2, and PAD16 genes, the change in expression of which leads to impaired oocyte maturation at metaphase of meiosis II (MII), to decreased oocyte ability for full fertilization and embryo formation, and to early embryonic development arrest, respectively. It is difficult to develop screening tests to identify these mutations, as they often occur sporadically and are not Inherited due to infertility. Conclusion: Genetic diagnosis is necessary to optimize treatment policy for patients with infertility, including that of unclear genesis, and to reduce the time before making a decision, for example, on the use of donor oocytes.

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About the authors

Evgeniya V. Kirakosyan

I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University); Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation

Email: evgeniya.kirakosyan@mail.ru
graduate, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, Perinatology and Reproductology 117997, Russia, Moscow, Akademika Oparina str., 4

Alexey N. Ekimov

Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation

Email: a_ekimov@oparina4.ru
doctor of clinical laboratory diagnostics, Head of the Preimplantation Genetic Screening Group of the Laboratory of Molecular Genetic Methods 117997, Russia, Moscow, Akademika Oparina str., 4

Stanislav V. Pavlovich

I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University); Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation

Email: s_pavlovich@oparina4.ru
PhD., Academic Secretary; Professor, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, Perinatology and Reproductology 117997, Russia, Moscow, Akademika Oparina str., 4

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