Potential of angiogenesis-related serum markers for predicting placenta accreta spectrum in pregnant women with placenta previa


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Abstract

Objective: To investigate the predictive value of angiogenesis-related serum markers in the third trimester of pregnancy to assess the likelihood of placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) and the prognosis of emergency delivery in patients with placenta previa. Materials and methods: This case-control study included women in the third trimester of pregnancy (2638 weeks) with (group I, n=46) and without PAS (group 2, n=42) managed at the Perinatal Center of Krasnodar Regional Clinical Hospital No. 2. All participants were tested for serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), placental growth factor (PlGF), soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1), determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. PAS was verified intraoperatively during delivery and by histological examination of the surgical specimens. The correlation between biomarker levels of and the depth of placental implantation was analyzed. The predictive value of biomarkers was assessed using multivariate logistic regression and ROC analysis. Results: With an increase in gestational age, patients with PAS group had significantly higher levels PlGF and lower sFlt-1/PlGF ratio than patients without PAS with a difference between groups at ≥37+0 weeks gestation [Me (IQR) : 778 (751-1057) versus 190 (171-369) pg/ml, p=0.005 and 1.1 (0.8-1.4) versus 8.0 (2.8-20.3), p=0.003, respectively]. The ratio of sFlt-1/PlGF <2.5 predicts PAS with sensitivity (Se) of 65.2% (49.8-78.6%), specificity (Sp) of 59.5%, (43.3-74, 4%), positive predictive value (PPV) of 63.8% (53.6-72.9%), negative predictive value (NPV) of61.0% (45.9-71.4%), area under ROC-curve (AUC) of0.624 (0.514-0.725), p=0.018. The inclusion of maternal age and a history of caesarean section in the predictive model increases the predictive accuracy: Se = 87.0% (73.7-95.1%), Sp = 78.6% (63.2-89.7%), PPV = 81.6% (71.1-89.9%), NPV = 84.6% (72.0-92.1%), aUc=0.886 (0.800-0.944), p<0.001. The PIGFlevel (pg/ml) statistically significantly correlates with the PAS depth (Spearman's rho=0.292; p<0.01). The sFlt-1/PlGF ratio <2.5, combined with maternal age and a history of cesarean section predicts the likelihood of emergency delivery with placenta previa with Se=40.0% (21.1-61.3%), Sp=92, 1% (82.4-97.4%), PPV=66.7% (38.4-88.2%), NPV=79.5% (68.480.0%), AUC=0.789(0.689-0.869), p<0.001. Conclusion: Increased levels of angiogenesis-related serum markers in the third trimester can be used to predict PAS and emergency delivery in pregnant women with placenta previa.

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About the authors

Tatiana B. Makukhina

Kuban State Medical University Ministry of Health of Russia; Perinatal Center of Krasnodar Regional Clinical Hospital No. 2 Ministry of Health of Krasnodar Region

Email: soltatiana@mailru
Krasnodar, Russia

Gregory A. Penzhoyan

Kuban State Medical University Ministry of Health of Russia

Email: pga05@mail.ru
Krasnodar, Russia

Arpine M. Amirkhanyan

Kuban State Medical University Ministry of Health of Russia; Perinatal Center of Krasnodar Regional Clinical Hospital No. 2 Ministry of Health of Krasnodar Region

Email: arm2035@yandex.ru
Krasnodar, Russia

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