The impact of the immune status on COVID-19 severity


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Abstract

Aim. To investigate the impact of patient immune status on the severity of COVID-19. Materials and methods. The prospective study included 63 employees of the V.I. Kulakov NMRC for OG&P of Minzdrav of Russia with confirmed COVID-19. The patients were stratified into three groups based on the disease severity, including asymptomatic (group 1, n=17), mild (group 2, n=29), and moderate (group 3, n=17) form of COVID-19. On days 3-7 from the onset of the disease, peripheral venous blood samples were collected from the study subjects and tested for serum levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies and immune profile by ELISA. After day 20+, testing for serum levels of anti-SARS- CoV-2 IgG antibodies was repeated using ELISA. Results. Patients who had a higher BMI, blood group A(II), lower leukocyte and lymphocyte counts, higher relative monocyte count, changes in the immune profile in the form of a lower number of CD3+, CD3+CD8+, CD19+, CD19+CD5+, and phagocytic activity of neutrophils, developed more severe forms of COVID-19. They had severe clinical manifestations of the disease, and 100% of them developed antiviral immunity. Conclusion. This study identified several clinical, laboratory, and immune profile features that may be considered as predictive factors of severe COVID-19 and can be used in clinical practice to predict the clinical course of the disease.

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About the authors

Nataliya V. Dolgushina

Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia

Email: n_dolgushina@oparina4.ru
MD, PhD, MPH, Vise-director - Chief of R&D Department

Liubov V. Krechetova

Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia

Email: l_krechetova@oparina4.ru
Dr. Med. Sci., Head of the Laboratory of Clinical Immunology

Tatiana Yu. Ivanets

Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia

Email: t_ivanets@oparina4.ru
Dr. Med. Sci., Head of the Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory

Valentina V. Vtorushina

Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia

Email: vtorushina@inbox.ru
M.D., Ph.D., Allergist-Immunologist at the Laboratory of Clinical Immunology

Eugenia V. Inviyaeva

Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia

Email: e_inviyaeva@oparina4.ru
Ph.D. (bio.sci.), Senior Researcher at the Laboratory of Clinical Immunology

Vladimir A. Klimov

Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia

M.D., Ph.D., Head of the Department of Medical Care Organization

Gennady T. Sukhikh

Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of Russia

academician RAS, MD, PhD, Director

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