Oral microbiome and its impact on pregnancy

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Abstract

The review analyses and summarizes the results of studies examining the oral microbiome during pregnancy. The electronic libraries, namely eLibrary and CyberLeninka, as well as the database of biomedical publications PubMed, were used to study modern special medical literature.

The oral cavity contains the second most complex microbial population in the human body. It is a highly organized ecosystem that exists in different conditions ranging from health to disease, undergoing quantitative and qualitative transformation. The oral microbiome contains consortia of microorganisms with different taxonomic profiles that share a common pathogenetic origin. This microbiome experiences changes during pregnancy, depending on its duration and course. The total number of microorganisms in pregnant women is known to be higher compared to the normocenosis in non-pregnant women, and impaired composition of the oral microbiome contributes to the development of obstetric complications. Moreover, changes in the hormonal profile of pregnant women can increase their susceptibility to inflammatory oral diseases, such as gingivitis and periodontitis.

Conclusion: There is a correlation between the composition of the oral microbiome and adverse pregnancy outcomes, increased incidence of preterm labor, pre-eclampsia, low birth weight, etc. Maintaining good oral hygiene during pregnancy helps to keep the oral microbiome normal.

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About the authors

Svetlana I. Gazhva

Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia

Email: stomfpkv@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6121-7145

Dr. Med. Sci., Professor, Head of the Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Postgraduate Education, Honored Worker of Higher Education

Russian Federation, Nizhny Novgorod

Anna N. Sulima

Medical Institute named after S.I. Georgievsky, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University

Author for correspondence.
Email: gsulima@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2671-6985

Dr. Med. Sci., Professor, Professor at the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology No. 1

Russian Federation, Simferopol

Yulia V. Gazhva

Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia

Email: gazhva@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6286-9516

PhD, Associate Professor at the Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Postgraduate Education

Russian Federation, Nizhny Novgorod

Artem I. Teterin

Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia

Email: t.teterin@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7631-1214

PhD, Associate Professor at the Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Postgraduate Education

Russian Federation, Nizhny Novgorod

Yuriy A. Kashin

Medical Institute named after S.I. Georgievsky, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University

Email: yura-kaschin1@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0003-0871-4200

student, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology No. 1

Russian Federation, Simferopol

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