Problems and ways of increasing the efficiency of plant raw material utilisation in the production of building materials

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Abstract

An analysis of the problems and prospects for increasing the efficiency of using plant-based raw materials in the production of building materials was conducted. Despite the global increase in demand for eco-friendly construction solutions, such as cross-laminated timber (CLT), wood plastic composite (WPC), and oriented strand board (OSB) boards, Russia’s wood processing remains primitive, resulting in raw material exports, lost value, and environmental risks. The main problems include outdated technologies, a lack of infrastructure, a low percentage of low-quality wood processing (up to 74% of hardwoods), and a high dependence on low-efficiency modifying compounds. Proposed solutions include state support, investments in logistics and the digitalization of forestry, and the development of scientific methods for modifying plant raw materials. The article pays special attention to physicochemical modification methods using elemental-organic modifiers (EOMs), which provide materials with resistance to moisture, biocorrosion, and fire while maintaining their mechanical properties. The advantages of combined approaches, such as vacuum pressure impregnation, the application of biopolymers and nanoparticles, and waste recycling, are also considered. Research has proven that EOMs (organophosphorus, organosilicon, and boron-nitrogen compounds) solve key problems, including leachability and the deterioration of the mechanical properties and surface quality of substrates. EOMs increase the durability of lignocellulosic building materials. These results are relevant for implementing ESG strategies, reducing the carbon footprint, and developing wooden house construction in Russia.

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About the authors

I. V. Stepina

National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering

Author for correspondence.
Email: sudeykina@mail.ru

Candidate of Sciences (Engineering)

Russian Federation, 26, Yaroslavskoe Highway, Moscow, 129337

V. V. Strokova

Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shukhov

Email: vvstrokova@gmail.com

Doctor of Sciences (Engineering)

Russian Federation, 46, Kostyukova Street, Belgorod, 308012

V. V. Il’ina

Saint-Petersburg State University of Film and Television

Email: Ilina-victory@yandex.ru

Candidate of Sciences (Engineering)

Russian Federation, 13, Pravdy Street, Sankt-Petersburg, 191119

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2. Fig. 1. Production volumes of unprocessed timber according to Rosstat (https://rosstat.gov.ru)

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3. Fig. 2. Problems and ways to improve the efficiency of lignocellulosic building materials by modifying plant raw materials (ЭОМ – organoelement modifiers; БАС – boron-nitrogen compounds; ЛУК – lignocarbohydrate complex)

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4. Fig. 3. Classification of modifiers for LCBM production by chemical composition

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