Forty-year evolution of radioactive groundwater contamination at the site of radioactive waste storage (St. Petersburg region, Russian Federation)

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Abstract

Evolution of tritium and beta contamination plumes resulted from radioactive waste leakage in the 1990s has been studied based on 40-year-long monitoring data at the site of radioactive waste (RW) storage. Localand regional-scale hydrodynamics are found to be the main features controlling the spreading of tritium contamination in the aquifer system, while spatial distribution of beta-activity plume is strongly restricted by sorption of 90Sr и 137Cs isotopes onto rock matrix. The study performed proves that groundwater system at the site is actually in the stage of rehabilitation from the «historical» contamination. Special complex investigation program aimed on examination of water accumulated in repository buildings and its interconnection with groundwater, demonstrated good isolation of the buildings from the surrounding aquifers and no evidence of RW release to the subsurface environment nowadays.

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About the authors

V. G. Rumynin

St.Petersburg Division, Sergeev Institute of Environmental Geoscience, Russian Academy of Sciences; Institute of Earth Sciences, St. Petersburg State University

Author for correspondence.
Email: office@hgepro.ru
Russian Federation, Srednii pr. 41, St. Petersburg, 199004; Universitetskaya nab. 7-9, St. Petersburg, 199004

D. N. Zamaskin

RosRAO Federal State Unitary Enterprise, Northwest region, Leningrad division

Email: len.szto@rosrao.ru
Russian Federation, Sosnovy Bor, Industrial zone, P.O. Box 5, Leningrad oblast, 188540

K. V. Vladimirov

St.Petersburg Division, Sergeev Institute of Environmental Geoscience, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: office@hgepro.ru
Russian Federation, Srednii pr. 41, St. Petersburg, 199004

A. V. Plotnikov

RosRAO Federal State Unitary Enterprise, Northwest region, Leningrad division

Email: len.szto@rosrao.ru
Russian Federation, Sosnovy Bor, Industrial zone, P.O. Box 5, Leningrad oblast, 188540

I. A. Lelyavin

RosRAO Federal State Unitary Enterprise, Northwest region, Leningrad division

Email: len.szto@rosrao.ru
Russian Federation, Sosnovy Bor, Industrial zone, P.O. Box 5, Leningrad oblast, 188540

A. M. Nikulenkov

St.Petersburg Division, Sergeev Institute of Environmental Geoscience, Russian Academy of Sciences; Institute of Earth Sciences, St. Petersburg State University

Email: office@hgepro.ru
Russian Federation, Srednii pr. 41, St. Petersburg, 199004; Universitetskaya nab. 7-9, St. Petersburg, 199004

E. M. Kaplan

St.Petersburg Division, Sergeev Institute of Environmental Geoscience, Russian Academy of Sciences; Institute of Earth Sciences, St. Petersburg State University

Email: office@hgepro.ru
Russian Federation, Srednii pr. 41, St. Petersburg, 199004; Universitetskaya nab. 7-9, St. Petersburg, 199004

V. A. Khodina

St.Petersburg Division, Sergeev Institute of Environmental Geoscience, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: office@hgepro.ru
Russian Federation, Srednii pr. 41, St. Petersburg, 199004

References

  1. Rumynin, V.G., Pankina, E.B., Yakushev, M.F., Boronina, A.V., Kuznetsova. E.L., Kukushkina, T.A., Kharkhordin, I.L., Potapov, A.A. , Tokarev, I.V., Konosavsky, P.K., Abramov, V.Yu., Epimakhov, V.N., Pereverzeva, S.A., Kharkovsky, K.S. Otsenka vliyaniya atomno-promyshlennogo kompleksa na podzemnye vody i smezhnye prirodnye ob’ekty (g. Sosnovyi Bor Leningradskoi oblasti) [Assessment of the influence of the atomic-industrial complex on groundwater and adjacent natural bodies (Sosnovy Bor, Leningrad oblast)]. St.Petersburg, St.Petersburg St. Univ. Publ., 2002, 249 p. (in Russian)
  2. Rumynin, V.G. Geomigratsionnye modeli v gidrogeologii [Geomigration models in hydrogeology]. St.Petersburg, Nauka Publ., 2011. 1158 p. (in Russian)
  3. Rumynin, V.G., Kaplan, E.M., Schwartz, A.A., Nikulenkov, A.M., Pankina, E.B., Glukhova, M.P., Luneva, E.V. Monitoring podzemnykh vod v zone vliyaniya stroyashcheisya LAES-2: metodicheskie aspekty i rezul’taty [Groundwater monitoring in the zone of influence of LNPP-2 under construction: methodological aspects and results]. Ecology and Atomic Energy, 2015, no. 2, pp. 124–134. (in Russian)
  4. Speshilov, S.L., Barinov, A.S., Lobanov, N.F., Tkachenko, A.V., Sitnikov, S.A., Cherkesov, A.E. Predvaritel’nyematerialy po otsenke vozdeistviya na okruzhayushchuyu sredu. Punkt zakhoroneniya radioaktivnykh otkhodov nizkogo i srednego urovnya aktivnosti v raione raspolozheniya Leningradskogo otdeleniya filiala «Severo-Zapadnogo territorial’nogo okruga FGUP «RosRAO» [Preliminary materials on environmental impact assessment. Burial site for low and medium level radioactive waste in the area of the Leningrad division of the Northwest region of FSUE “RosRAO”]. Moscow, FSUE “NO RAO”,2013. 220 p. (in Russian)
  5. Rumynin, V.G. Subsurface solute transport models and case histories with application to radionuclide migration. Springer, 2011. 860 p.
  6. Rumynin, V.G., Nikulenkov, A.M. Geological and physicochemical controls of the spatial distribution of partition coefficients for radionuclides (Sr-90, Cs-137, Co-60, Pu-239,240 and Am-241) at a site of nuclear reactors and radioactive waste disposal (St. Petersburg region, Russian Federation). Journal of Environmental Radioactivity [Internet]. Elsevier BV; 2016 Oct; 162–163:205–18. Available at: http://dx. doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2016.05.030.

Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. Layout of the site for the site for industrial exploration and disposal of nearby industrial enterprises (a) and schematic geological section (b) of the territory: 1 - isolines of equal pressure of the upper aquifer complex; 2 - paleodolin contours. The names of the enterprises are given in the text.

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3. Fig. 2. Maps of equal pressure lines: a - Quaternary horizon (March 2015); b - the Lomonosov horizon (September 2017). 1 - groundwater flow lines, 2 - regional direction of groundwater flow; 3 - hydro- and piezo-iso-gypsum; 4 - observation well: in the numerator - the number of the well, in the denominator - the absolute level mark, m.

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4. Fig. 3. Distribution of tritium in wells equipped at different intervals of the PCRP section (annual average values of volume activity for 2017).

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5. Fig. 4. The characteristic dynamics of changes in the average annual activity of tritium in the observation wells in the Quaternary (a) and Lomonosov (b) aquifers.

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6. Fig. 5. The evolution of halos of tritium pollution of groundwater in the Quaternary and Lomonosov aquifers: 1 - lines of equal concentrations of tritium (kBq / l); 2 - hydro - and piezoisogips; 3 - observation well: in the numerator - the number of the well, in the denominator - the value of the volume activity of tritium (kBq / l).

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7. Fig. 6. Dynamics of changes in average annual specific total beta activity in observation wells (quaternary aquifer).

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8. Fig. 7. Evolution of halos of groundwater pollution by beta activity in the Quaternary and Lomonosov aquifers: 1 - lines of equal values of the total specific beta activity (Bq / l); 2 - hydro - and piezoisogips; 3 - observation well: in the numerator - the number of the well, in the denominator - the value of the total specific beta activity (Bq / l).

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9. Fig. 8. Graphs illustrating the water content of the canyons of the storage facilities for chemical recovery and their connection with groundwater: a - volumes of liquid radioactive waste (LRW) pumped through wells from the canyons of storage facilities No. 4-7, No. 8-10 for the period 1992-2016; b - fluctuations in the levels of groundwater and water in the canyons of storage No. 10 in 2017

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