Development of heat and mass transfer modulus to Feflow code for calculation of brine loaded to permafrost ground

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Abstract

The article discusses the application of FreezeThaw75 module, developed by one of the authors to calculate heat and mass transfer taking into account water–ice and ice–water–water phase transitions. Numerical simulations are compared with the analytical solution and other software codes. The module was tested at one of the injection sites in Daldino-Alakitskii district of Yakutia. FreezeThaw75 module was developed in relation to Feflow v7.4–7.5 model environment. The module was tested on a model of brine injection into frozen rocks. The model simultaneously takes into account the movement of groundwater flow, heat and mass transfer and phase transitions. A feature of the calculations in the developed model is the consideration of large injected volumes of highly mineralized brines.It influences the degradation of permafrost and takes into account the cryohydrogeological conditions of the site. Brines are injected into permafrost rocks with a high absorption capacity especially in areas confined to zones of tectonic disturbances. The developed module can adjust the predicted potential of the operated injection sites. It can also act as an additional element of control over the injection process and the formation of an artificial aquifer in the permafrost rocks.

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About the authors

I. A. Rastorguev

Kurchatov Institute; AK “Alrosa”

Author for correspondence.
Email: stiar@mail.ru
Russian Federation, pl. Kurchatova, 1, Moscow, 123098; ul. Sovetskaya, 5, Novosibirsk, 630007

I. V. Litvinova

AK “Alrosa”

Email: LitvinovaIV@alrosa.ru
Russian Federation, ul. Sovetskaya, 5, Novosibirsk, 630007

N. A. Iost

AK “Alrosa”

Email: LitvinovaIV@alrosa.ru
Russian Federation, ul. Sovetskaya, 5, Novosibirsk, 630007

A. V. Ilin

AK “Alrosa”

Email: LitvinovaIV@alrosa.ru
Russian Federation, ul. Sovetskaya, 5, Novosibirsk, 630007

References

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Supplementary files

Supplementary Files
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1. JATS XML
2. Fig. 1. Statement of the Lunardini problem.

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3. Fig. 2. Comparison of analytical calculation and calculation using the FreezeThaw75 module.

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4. Fig. 3. Comparison of calculations on the FreezeThaw75 module (left) and SUTRA (right). The top row is a comparison by temperature, the bottom row is a comparison by moisture saturation.

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5. Fig. 4. Initial and boundary conditions for the heat and mass transfer problem. The blue fill shows the initial ice content, the isolines show the initial pressures, and the red fill shows the initial concentration of industrial wastewater of 100 mg/l.

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6. Fig. 5. Comparison of heat and mass transfer calculations in FreezeThaw75 (left) and calculations from [12] (right). Ice content at the top, chloride concentration at the bottom.

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7. Fig. 6. Layout of the modeling object with a fault system (red lines). Wells: injections - red circles, observation - green; numbers - well numbers. The section line is shown in black.

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8. Fig. 7. Section diagram. On the left is the southern part of the model, on the right is the eastern part. Black lines are wells, white line is the repression curve, filling is the filtration coefficient 3 months after the start of injection.

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9. Fig. 8. Comparison of actual and calculated levels for piezometers No. 1–4 closest to injection wells.

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10. Fig. 9. Results of injection calculations for 2013–2022. Faults are shown in yellow, the 200 g/l mineralization halo is shown in green, and the unfrozen part is shown in white.

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