Vol XLIV, No 2 (2012)

In 75 patients aged 5-17 years with type I diabetes evaluation of parameters of heart rate variability was performed and the results of four cardiovascular function tests were obtained. Diabetic autonomic cardiovascular neuropathy was diagnosed in 3 out of 7 tests. Its presence was stated in 34.67% of patients. A clear association of disease with poor metabolic control - high blood glucose variability, systematic hypoglycemic states was revealed. Increased heart rate in the orthostatic test for at least 25% may be the selection criterion for the formation of risk groups for the development of diabetic cardiovascular autonomous neuropathy.

There has been made an analysis of neurological diseases prevalence rate among the mental patients and treatment of this group of patients. More often patients suffering from organic brain disorder attend doctors (vascular dementia). Among mental patients the main neurological pathologies are strokes. The mental patients rarely attend a doctor-neurologist on their own, and they do not complain.

The clinical and laboratory study of 43 patients in acute stage of lacunar stroke, confirmed by CT or MRI of brain, and of 18 healthy persons was performed. There was non-severe stroke with significant clinical improvement during the observation, that followed by decreasing of mean platelet volume on the 10th day of the stroke. Flow-cytometry method revealed platelet activation in patients with lacunar stroke, which was not revealed by aggregometry. There was higher degree of platelet activation, but less marked expression of fibrinogen receptors on platelet surface in patients with manifest lacunar stroke comparing with asymptomatic one.

In the review the data about barriers, which the female IDU's face when receiving medical aid, are cited. Gender specificity of formation of drug dependence, prevalence of drug addiction at women in Russia, stigmatization of patients is described.

Movement disorders at lesions of the upper motor neuron caused by damage of brain and (or) the spinal cord and leading to the formation of spastic paresis and paralysis are one of the most common causes of disability among neurological patients. A correct understanding of the pathophysiological basis of clinical manifestations of the formation of the upper motor neuron lesion makes it possible to choose the most appropriate and successful methods of predictive correction. Using botulinum therapy in conjunction with non-pharmacological methods of rehabilitation to reduce the activity of phasic and tonic reflexes to stretch of associated reductions, synkinesis, spastic dystonia and spasticity will improve muscle elasticity and mobility of the limbs, reduce dependence on others, eliminate pain, joint stiffness, infection, and strain soft tissues.

There were considered the main form of sensory neuropathy, the pathogenesis of the main forms of sensory neuropathy (distal, predominantly sensory, symmetrical polyneuropathy, sensory neuronopathy, distal sensory polyneuropathy of thin nervous fibers) and special features of these forms.

The clinical case of myopathy in a patient with acromegaly is presented. The possible pathogenetic mechanisms of the nervous system defect in acromegaly and the questions of the differential diagnosis and treatment are discussed.

This article presents the main study results of prevalence of alcoholism among the residents of the Trans-Baikalian territory, died because of somatic diseases. It is established, that the alcoholic disease in medical-preventive institutions as the main disease was diagnosed in 11,7 % of the dead, as background pathology - in 17, % cases of the total number of autopsies, and as a concomitant disease - 12,9% of the cases. In home conditions an alcoholic disease as a major disease was met in 10, 4 % of deaths. The obtained data convincingly demonstrate the role of the alcohol factor in worsening of somatic health of the population.

The article considers clinical-psychopathological picture of acute alcoholic psychosis in young age. There were examined 115 patients aged 18 to 29 years. The study describes characteristics of clinical picture of psychotic disorders.