Vol 13, No 4 (2022)
Neuropsychopharmacology
Effectiveness of sodium nucleospermate for the development of embryos and larvae of Danio rerio
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The development of eggs and larvae of Danio rerio ex utero and the optical transparency of their embryos allow visual analysis of embryos at different stages of development and evaluation of organogenesis.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of sodium nucleospermate to the survival of embryos and larvae of Danio rerio.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study used Danio rerio fish of natural color. To assess the effectiveness of sodium nucleospermate on embryo survival, 64 eggs were collected and placed in separate wells. Three concentrations of sodium nucleospermate were tested in the experiment: 50 μg (dose 1), 1.3 μg (dose 2), and 0.0325 μg (dose 3) per well (200 μL). The experiment was conducted for 8 days, and blood circulation, exit of the larva from the egg, movements of the embryo inside the egg, and movements of the emerging larva were evaluated.
RESULTS: On day 1 in the control group, blood circulation was recorded in all embryos, and movement was determined in 21.4%. With dose 1, the blood circulation in embryos was recorded at 37.5%, and movement was noted in 6.25%. With dose 2, blood circulation was detected in all embryos, while movement was noted in 46.6%. With dose 3, blood circulation was detected in all embryos, and movement was noted 18.75%. On day 8, only active movements of the larvae along the experimental hole were evaluated because all other parameters were recorded in 100% of the surviving embryos. The experiment on day 8 showed that in the control group, 37.5% of the initially taken living embryos actively move and develop satisfactorily with the addition of sodium nucleospermate at doses 50%, 81.25%, and 75%.
CONCLUSION: The highest survival rate of Danio rerio larvae was recorded after the addition of sodium nucleospermate to the medium at an average dose of 1.3 µg/200 µL (6.5 µg/mL, or 0.0065% solution).
59-64
Effects of fullerene C60 with antihypoxants
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Drug improvement is often carried out with the help of chemical modifications that improve the receptor action or transport of drugs to their target tissues.
AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of combinations of C60 fullerene with amtizol, 2-amino-4-acetylthiazolo[5,4-b]indole, metaprot, metaprot base, and rutin on antihypoxic activities in a model of acute hypoxia with hypercapnia.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Several compounds with mono-, bi-, and tricyclic structures were examined separately or combined with C60 fullerene. All compounds, except for rutin, were synthesized at the Department of Pharmacology of the S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy and contain active amino groups, nitrogen, and sulfur atoms in the cycles: amtizol (3,5-diamino-1,2,4-thiadiazole), VM-606 (2-amino-4-acetylthiazolo[5,4-b]indole), Metaprot (2-ethylthiobenzimidazole hydrobromide monohydrate), and Metaprot base. All compounds demonstrated antihypoxic activity. Hypobaric hypoxia was simulated in a flow pressure chamber by “lifting” animals to a height of 10,000 m at a speed of 50 m/s and exposure for 60 min. The preparations were administered intraperitoneally 60 min before the experiment. The protective effect was evaluated by the average life expectancy at altitude. Hypoxia with hypercapnia was assessed on male white mice weighing 20–22 g, which were placed in 200 mL glass jars with hermetic lids, which were lowered under water to prevent air leakage. The studied preparations and their complexes with fullerene in the form of a thin suspension with Tween-80 were administered intraperitoneally min before hypoxia. The lifespan of the animals was recorded.
RESULTS: The formation of the complex and its properties depend on the development of a donor–acceptor bond between the drug and fullerene. An increase in the bioavailability of amtizol in the form of a complex with C60 fullerene increased the antihypoxic activity of the mixture by 40%. For the first time, dynamic curves of the activities of amtizol and 2-amino-4-acetylthiazolo[5,4-b]indole depending on time were obtained in a model of hypercapnic hypoxia.
CONCLUSION: Fullerene C60 enhances the antihypoxic activity of the studied compounds due to an increase in the bioavailability of the antihypoxant caused by the microporation of tissue membranes due to the action of fullerene C60.
65-76
Clinical Pharmacology
Prospects for the use of bovhyaluronidase azoxymer in the post-COVID period after a severe COVID-19: A clinical case
Abstract
Fibrotic changes in lung tissues after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are receiving increasing attention. Current tasks for the medical community include not only minimizing the effects on etiotropic factors and increasing the body’s resistance to the damaging effects of viruses but also minimizing the number of complications and in the long term reducing morbidity and improving the prognosis and quality of life of patients after a severe viral infection.
The aim of this study was to describe a clinical case of the effectiveness of bovhyaluronidase azoxymer in the post-COVID period after a severe COVID-19.
A 46-year-old patient was diagnosed with COVID-19, which manifested as an acute respiratory viral infection in the clinic. She was hospitalized in a specialized department. Computed tomography noted 80% of lung damage, and oxygen saturation decreased to 70%. She was treated with antibiotics, antiviral drugs, anticoagulants, and hormones. After 1 month, she was discharged with improvement, and residual effects of lung damage (56%). In the post-hospital period, bovhyaluronidase azoximer for 25 days was prescribed. Clinical, radiological, laboratory, and clinical applied in a hospital.
On computed tomography, no signs of infiltrative changes in the lungs and signs of pneumofibrosis, a picture of viral pneumonia, were noted.
The case highlights the positive action of bovhyaluronidase azoxymer as an immunomodulatory and antifibrosing agent.
77-84
The cognitive stability of an elderly human is guaranteed by his lifelong motor activity
Abstract
A person’s muscular activity, or behavior when performing various types of physical exercises, is determined by the brain’s complex, multi-level architectonics. The organization of any type of movement in sports and physical exercises, as well as various types of professional motor activity, involves all levels of the central nervous system.
This study aims to analyze the benefits of sports for maintaining long-term brain activity.
This study conducted literary critical analysis of the functional interaction of various cortical and subcortical mechanisms of human voluntary movements with domestic and foreign literature involvement.
Regular sports cause structural changes in areas of the brain that are directly or indirectly involved in the organization of movements. Moreover, due to an increase in perfusion, a significant part of the gray matter of the primary sensorimotor fields and many associative areas of the cortex are also subject to structural changes. Muscle work and any motor activity are a positive factor that determines a person’s cognitive stability in old age due to favorable changes in the brain.
This conclusion refutes the popular belief that long-term sports lead to the preservation of only the motor cortex with age, whereas the capillary networks in other areas, particularly associative fields, occlude earlier with age, and impair intelligence.
85-92
History
I.P. Pavlov as an experimental pharmacologist (to the 275th anniversary of the Department of Pharmacology of the Military Medical Academy)
Abstract
The work is devoted to the formation of pharmacology as a science within the walls of the Medico-Surgical Academy, founded in 1798. The main purpose of the work is to sanctify the activities of the famous Russian physiologist and naturalist I.P. Pavlov in the field of experimental and clinical pharmacology, performed mainly in the early period of his work at the Medico-Surgical (Military Medical) Academy (1879-1895). The scientific publications of I.P. Pavlov in this area, mainly works on the use of bitterness as appetite stimulants, herbal preparations of cardiotonic action obtained from Adonis vernalis, lily of the valley, hellebore, the use of caffeine and bromine preparations for the treatment of neuroses were analyzed. In addition to scientific activity, the formation of I.P. Pavlov as a lecturer, his features of teaching, the introduction of demonstrations of experiments on animals during lectures, explanation of the mechanisms of reproducible physiological and pharmacological phenomena were described. The implementation aspect of the theoretical developments of I.P. Pavlov in practical medicine was revealed as well.
93-104
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