Analysis of modern concepts of neurodegenerative properties of depression

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Abstract

Introduction. The review is devoted to the analysis of modern concepts of the neurodegenerative properties of depression. Depression is now regarded as the most common mental illness with significant social consequences.

The aim of the study is to determine the pathogenetic role of changes in the metabolism of neurotransmitters and an excess amount of excitatory transmitters in the implementation of the mechanisms of neuronal plasticity disorders in depressive states, leading to the formation of neurodegenerative changes.

Material and methods. The scientific literature was searched in the National Library of Medicine (ncbi), PubMed, e-library databases mainly for the last decade. An analysis of the literature data of domestic and foreign sources was carried out using the deconstruction method, aspect analysis, as well as a descriptive method that allows one to be based on «descripts» (depression, neurodegeneration, neuronal plasticity, neurotrophins, neuropeptides), focusing on the most important aspects of the object of study.

Results and discussion. The role of pro-inflammatory cytokines, hormones, neurotrophins, neuropeptides in the implementation of the pathogenetic mechanisms of depressive disorder is described. It should be noted a number of advantages of neuropeptides as endogenous regulators of the functioning of the central nervous system, manifested in high physiological activity, the presence of several binding groups for different cell receptors, the regulatory ability to express other signaling molecules, the minimum half-life, the absence of most side effects, the ability to penetrate through the blood-brain barrier, as well as the manifestation of trophic, anti-inflammatory, growth, mediator and effector properties, which leads to a high interest in endogenous peptide compounds and their synthetic analogues as promising therapeutic agents. The lack of a unified theory of the development of depression definitely contributes to an active research interest, which in recent years has been directed to the search for more accurate biological markers of the disease and new therapeutic agents, using innovative achievements in the synthesis of new compounds, as well as the use of agents that have proven their effectiveness and safety.

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About the authors

Anna L. Yasenyavskaya

Astrakhan State Medical University

Email: yasen_9@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2998-2864

Associate Professor of the Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biotechnology, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Astrakhan State Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, candidate of Medical Sciences

Russian Federation, Bakinskaya str., 121, Astrakhan, 414000

Alexandra A. Tsybizova

Astrakhan State Medical University

Email: sasha3633@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9994-4751

Associate Professor of the Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biotechnology, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Astrakhan State Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, candidate of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Russian Federation, Bakinskaya str., 121, Astrakhan, 414000

Marina A. Samotrueva

Astrakhan State Medical University

Author for correspondence.
Email: ms1506@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5336-4455

Head of the Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biotechnology, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Astrakhan State Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor

Russian Federation, Bakinskaya str., 121, Astrakhan, 414000

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