Local production of neurotrophic factors under the influence of fractal stimulation phototherapy on the retina of rabbits

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Abstract

Introduction. Recently, a new approach to visual response has been discussed, based on the use of optical signals of a heavy structure, manifested by fractal dynamics. However, the molecular mechanisms of action of fractal phototherapy (FF) have not been studied.

Purpose of the study: to study the effect of low-intensity fractal optical stimulation on the intraocular production of neurotrophic cytokines in an in vivo experiment.

Material and methods. The material for the study was the vitreous body (VH), isolated from the enucleated eyes of 17 healthy Soviet Chinchilla rabbits. 14 animals, depending on the duration of FF courses, were divided into five groups. 3 rabbits (6 eyes) made up the control group. In this work we used an original device for conducting FF in laboratory animals with two emitters. Photostimulation sessions were carried out daily. The duration of each FF session was 20 minutes. The duration of FF courses for different rabbits ranged from 7 to 180 days. Using enzyme immunoassay, the concentrations of 5 mediators were determined in vitreous samples: brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and pigment epithelium dependent factor (PEDF). The results were recorded using a Cytation 5 multifunctional photometer.

Results. BDNF and PEDF were detected in 100% of ST test samples of the main and control groups of animals. IL-1β and CNTF were absent in all biomaterial samples. In only one case, IL-6 was detected in a small concentration in the material from an experimental eye at late stages of FF. This work was the first to study the dynamics of intraocular production of neurotrophic factors under the influence of fractal photostimulation. Individual analysis demonstrated multidirectional changes in PEDF concentration (relative to normal levels) in the early stages of FF, namely: An increase in the intraocular content of this cytokine was observed in approximately 17% of experimental eyes after the 7th session, while the BDNF value was in the normal range.

Conclusion. For the first time, local production of neurotrophic factors in intact eyes was studied. The features of the dynamics of neurotrophic factors depending on the duration of FF were studied. It has been shown that FF has stimulating activity (with an accumulative effect) on local BDNF production. The data obtained seem important for the development of the FF method and its translation into the clinic for visual rehabilitation of patients with neurodegenerative diseases of the retina and indicate the need for further research into the molecular mechanisms that realize the biological effects of FF.

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About the authors

Natalia V. Balatskaya

FSBI "National Medical Research Center for Eye Diseases named after Helmholtz" Ministry of Health of Russia

Author for correspondence.
Email: balnat07@rambler.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8007-6643

Head of the Department of Immunology and Virology, Leading Researcher, Сandidate of Biological Sciences

Russian Federation, Moscow, 105062, st. Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya, 14/19

Denis V. Fadeev

FSBI "National Medical Research Center for Eye Diseases named after Helmholtz" Ministry of Health of Russia

Email: denis.fadeev@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1858-2005

Researcher, Scientific Experimental Center

Russian Federation, Moscow, 105062, st. Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya, 14/19

Marina V. Zueva

FSBI "National Medical Research Center for Eye Diseases named after Helmholtz" Ministry of Health of Russia

Email: visionlab@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0161-5010

Head of the Department of Clinical Physiology of Vision named after S.V. Kravkov, Professor, Doctor of Biological Sciences

Russian Federation, Moscow, 105062, st. Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya, 14/19

Nataliya V. Neroeva

FSBI "National Medical Research Center for Eye Diseases named after Helmholtz" Ministry of Health of Russia

Email: secr@igb.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1038-2746

Ophthalmologist, Department of Retina and Optic Nerve, Сandidate of Biological Sciences

Russian Federation, Moscow, 105062, st. Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya, 14/19

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. Dynamics of local BDNF production (pkg/ml) in the early (7th day) and long-term (30 days and later) periods of exposure to FF

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3. Fig. 2. Dynamics of local PEDF production (pkg/ml) in the early (7th day) and long-term (30 days and later) periods of exposure to FF

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