Mitochondrial proteins as biomarkers of occupational disease risk of pilots and astronauts

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Abstract

Introduction. Mitochondrial dysfunction is an important pathogenic mechanism of neurodegeneration, characterized by a progressive structural and functional loss of neurons, leading to heterogeneous clinical and pathological manifestations with subsequent impairment of the functional anatomy of the brain.

Aim of research. To study the influence of occupational hazards and stress experienced by civil aviation pilots and cosmonauts on the expression of mitochondrial biomarkers in buccal epithelial cells to assess the risk of developing neurodegenerative processes.

Material and methods. The study involved 23 male participants in two age groups. 4 groups of investgation were formed, according to the occupation, comparable in age. The expression of mitochondrial proteins prohibitin and parkin in the buccal epithelium of the study participants was assessed by immunohistochemical methods.

Results. A decrease in the expression level of the prohibitin protein was found in the group of civil aviation pilots compared to the control group of the corresponding age. There was also a tendency to a decrease in the level of expression of the studied proteins prohibitin and parkin in the group of cosmonauts compared with the control group of the corresponding age.

Conclusion. The results obtained indicate a mitochondrial dysfunction, which may increase the risk of developing neurodegenerative changes.

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About the authors

Darya O. Leontyeva

Saint-Petersburg State University; St.Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation

Author for correspondence.
Email: leontiewadar@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6981-2531

Junior Researcher, Faculty of Medicine, Research assistant of the Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Translational Biomedicine

Russian Federation, St. Petersburg; St. Petersburg

Anna S. Zubareva

St.Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation

Email: molbiom-niif@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6872-3799

Research assistant of the Laboratory of Molecular Neuroimmunoendocrinology of the Department of Translational Biomedicine

Russian Federation, St. Petersburg

Alexander E. Korovin

Saint-Petersburg State University; Kirov Military Medical Academy

Email: korsyrik@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5507-6975

Professor of the Department of Pathology of the Medical Institute, Lecturer at the Department of Advanced Therapy for Physicians, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor

Russian Federation, St. Petersburg; St. Petersburg

Aleksey P. Grishin

Research Institute of the Yuri Gagarin Space Center

Email: agrishin1234@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0007-9771-1747

Head of Medical Department, Chief doctor 

Russian Federation, Zvezdny Gorodok

Dmitry V. Tovpeko

Saint-Petersburg State University; Kirov Military Medical Academy

Email: tovpeko.dmitry@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0286-3056

Researcher at the Faculty of Medicine, Junior researcher 

Russian Federation, St. Petersburg; St. Petersburg

Tamara V. Fedotkina

Saint-Petersburg State University; Almazov National Medical Research Center

Email: t.v.fedotkina@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2723-4590

Leading researcher of the laboratory of microangiopathic mechanisms of atherogenesis, Associate Professor, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Institute of Medical Education

Russian Federation, St. Petersburg; St. Petersburg

Leonid P. Churilov

Saint-Petersburg State University; St.Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation

Email: elpach@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6359-0026

Head of Pathology Department, Leading researcher, M.D. Associate Professor

Russian Federation, St. Petersburg; St. Petersburg

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2. Fig. 1. Microphotographs of buccal epithelium with immunofluorescence of prohibitin. Different intensities of prohibitin protein expression (red color) in buccal epithelium. Nuclei doped with 4’,6-diamidino-2- phenylindole (DAPI) (blue). Magnification ×100. A – no staining. The area of expression is 0-10,000 pixels. Score – 0. B – weak staining. Area of expression 10 001–40 000 pixels. Score – 1. C – moderate staining. Area of prohibitin expression 40,001–70,000 pix. Score – 2. D – strong staining. Area of prohibitin expression 70,001–100,000 pix. Score – 3. E – very strong staining. Area of prohibitin expression >100,000 pix. Score – 4

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3. Fig. 2. Micrographs of buccal epithelium with parkin immunofluorescence. Different intensities of parkin protein expression (red) in buccal epithelium. Nuclei doped with DAPI (blue). Magnification ×100. A – no staining. The area of parkin expression is 0-2,000 pixels. Score – 0. B – weak staining. Area of parkin expression 2,001–5,000 pixels. Score – 1. C – moderate staining. Area of parkin expression 5,001–10,000 pix. Score – 2. D – strong staining. Parkin expression area 10,001–50,000 pix. Score – 3. E – very strong staining. Parkin expression area >50,000 pix. Score – 4

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4. Fig. 3. Diagram of the expression index of H-score proteins prohibitin and parkin in the group of civil aviation pilots and the control group of the corresponding age, * – p<0.05

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5. Fig. 4. Diagrams of H-score expression index of proteins prohibitin and parkin in the group of cosmonauts and control group of the corresponding age

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