Sequencing of single cells: application and perspectives

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Abstract

Introduction. Sequencing of single cells makes it possible to characterize the cellular and molecular composition of tissues, the state of DNA, RNA and expressed proteins. The «single-cell» sequencing method is gaining increasing popularity in modern biology and medicine.

The purpose of the study. Analysis and characterization of single-cell sequencing techniques and their applied significance.

Material and methods. The literature search was conducted in the open electronic databases of scientific literature PubMed, Elibrary, bioRxiv and Scopus. The search depth was 27 years. 46 articles were selected for analysis.

Results. Single-cell RNA sequencing – scRNA–seq – transcriptomics of individual cells with gene expression profiling. It allows clustering cells by state or type; registering rare genes that are discarded when sequencing a common transcriptome; detect point mutations.

Spatial transcriptomics – smFISH and MERFISH – methods for mapping gene expression at the genome level in stationary tissue samples developed in addition to RNA sequencing technologies. With these methods, an image is obtained using fluorescent labels.

Spatial sequencing – Slide-seq – allows us to characterize the entire transcriptome of a certain area of the isolated tissue on a slide with a resolution close to one cell. Further research of this analysis is required to reduce its cost and adapt it for more convenient use.

Conclusions. The use of single-cell sequencing methods, as well as the study of the epigenome and transcriptome, will help to differentiate cells into various subpopulations, as well as to find new predictive and prognostic targets for therapy.

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About the authors

Alexander D. Neryakhin

Bashkir State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia

Author for correspondence.
Email: nereahins@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0007-8246-3699

3rd year student of the Pediatric Faculty 

Russian Federation, Lenin str., 3, Ufa, 450008

Albert A. Tukhbatullin

Bashkir State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia

Email: albert6789@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0000-3633-7148

3rd year student of the Pediatric Faculty 

Russian Federation, Lenin str., 3, Ufa, 450008

Gulnaz R. Khannanova

Bashkir State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia

Email: gulnaz200235@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0003-1108-4350

3rd year student of the Faculty of Medicine 

Russian Federation, Lenin str., 3, Ufa, 450008

Guzel A. Rafikova

Bashkir State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia; Laboratory of Immunology of the Institute of Urology and Clinical Oncology of the BSMU of the Ministry of Health of Russia

Email: rafikovaguzel@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8763-6102

Junior Researcher at the Laboratory of Immunology of the Institute of Urology and Clinical Oncology of the BSMU of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation

Russian Federation, Lenin str., 3, Ufa, 450008; Shafiev str., 2, room 5, Ufa, 450083

Kadriya I. Enikeeva

Bashkir State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia; Laboratory of Immunology of the Institute of Urology and Clinical Oncology of the BSMU of the Ministry of Health of Russia

Email: kalya1996@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5995-2124

PhD in pharmacy, Head of the Immunology Laboratory of the Institute of Urology and Clinical Oncology, Assistant of the Department of Pharmacology with the course of Clinical Pharmacology of the Bashkir State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia; Candidate of Pharmaceutical Sciences, assistant

Russian Federation, Lenin str., 3, Ufa, 450008; Shafiev str., 2, room 5, Ufa, 450083

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