Molecular analysis of sensitization by aeroallergens in adult patients with allergic bronchial asthma
- Authors: Churyukina E.V.1,2, Ukhanova O.P.3,4, Kotieva I.M.1, Dodokhova M.A.1, Gulyan M.V.1, Avilov A.V.5, Koreeva E.V.6
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Affiliations:
- Federal Rostov State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
- Federal Kuban State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
- Federal Stavropol State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
- Federal North Caucasus Federal Scientific and Clinical Center FMBA of Russia
- Federal Don State Technical University
- State Autonomous Institution of the Rostov region «Regional Consultative and Diagnostic Center»
- Issue: Vol 23, No 2 (2025)
- Pages: 45-53
- Section: Original research
- URL: https://journals.eco-vector.com/1728-2918/article/view/678677
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.29296/24999490-2025-02-06
- ID: 678677
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Abstract
Introduction. Bronchial asthma is an inflammatory disease manifested by various phenotypes. The most studied phenotype of asthma is allergic. Molecular allergodiagnostics of allergic diseases using microchips makes it possible to determine the molecular profiles of sensitization of patients with allergic asthma, to identify priority molecules for personalized allergen-specific immunotherapy.
Objective: to conduct a molecular analysis of the sensitization of adult patients with allergic bronchial asthma with aeroallergens in the Rostov region of southern Russia
Methods. In a multicenter, retrospective, non-randomized cohort study, data from Allergy Explorer 2 (ALEX2) allergy chips were analyzed in 166 adult patients with an allergic phenotype of bronchial asthma. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using the Microsoft Office Excel 2010 and Statistica 10.0 for Windows software package.
Results. Molecular analysis of sensitization showed that pollen sensitization with a predominance of IgE-mediated reaction to ragweed pollen was most common in the studied cohort of patients – an increase in the level of IgE to the main allergen component Amb a 1 (pectate lyase) was registered in 73 (43.98%) patients, sensitization to the allergen of wormwood pollen Art v 1 (defensin) was noted 39 (23.49%). Sensitization to allergens of mold and yeast fungi was recorded, with a predominance to mold fungi – the main molecule Alternaria alternata (Alt a 1) in 27 (16.27%), less often the enolase protein family (Alt a 6) in 2 (1.20%), the molecule Cladosporium herbarum (Cla h 8) in 1.20% (n=2), rarely to Aspergillus fumigatus, a molecule of the superoxide dismutase family (Asp f 6) in 5 (3.01%) of the examined patients. Among yeast fungi, sensitization was rarely found to the allergens Malassezia sympodialis: molecules (Mala s 5) and (Mala s 6) in 1 (0.60%) of the examined adult asthma, respectively.
Conclusion. The method of molecular allergodiagnostics used made it possible to establish not only the spectrum and level of sensitization, but also to identify allergocomponents that play a causally significant role in the development of the allergic phenotype of asthma in adult patients. The simultaneous period of flowering of herbs and sporulation of fungi in the region increases the antigenic load, which contributes to an increase in sensitization in adult patients with asthma in the Rostov region of southern Russia, the transformation of asthma into more severe forms, the expansion of causally significant allergens and mixed sensitization.
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About the authors
Ella Vitalevna Churyukina
Federal Rostov State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; Federal Kuban State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
Author for correspondence.
Email: echuryukina@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6407-6117
SPIN-code: 8220-1439
Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases of the Research Institute of Obstetrics and Pediatrics, Associate Professor of the Department of Clinical Immunology, Allergology and Laboratory Diagnostics of the Faculty of Advanced Training and Professional Retraining of Specialists, Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor
Russian Federation, Nakhichevansky Lane, 29, Rostov-on-Don, 344022; M. Sedina str., 4, Krasnodar, 350063Olga Petrovna Ukhanova
Federal Stavropol State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; Federal North Caucasus Federal Scientific and Clinical Center FMBA of Russia
Email: uhanova_1976@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7247-0621
SPIN-code: 8287-2891
Professor of the Department of Clinical Immunology with the Course of Additional Professional Education, Head of the North Caucasian Center of Allergy, Immunology, and Genetically Engineered Therapies, Doctor of Medical Sciences, professor
Russian Federation, Mira str., 310, Stavropol, 355017; Sovetskaya str., 24, Yessentuki, 357600Inga Movlievna Kotieva
Federal Rostov State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
Email: kukulik70@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2796-9466
SPIN-code: 3478-5811
Vice-Rector for Scientific Work, head of the Department of Pathological Physiology, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor
Russian Federation, Nakhichevansky Lane, 29, Rostov-on-Don, 344022Margarita Avdeevna Dodokhova
Federal Rostov State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
Email: dodohova@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3104-827X
SPIN-code: 7851-5329
head of the Central Research Laboratory, professor of the Department of Pathological Physiology, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor
Russian Federation, Nakhichevansky Lane, 29, Rostov-on-Don, 344022Marina Vladimirovna Gulyan
Federal Rostov State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
Email: 25marinablik@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6023-8916
SPIN-code: 3289-8711
Head of the Department of Scientific Policy and Organization of Scientific Research, Associate Professor of the Department of Pathological Physiology, Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor
Russian Federation, Nakhichevansky Lane, 29, Rostov-on-Don, 344022Alexey Vasilevich Avilov
Federal Don State Technical University
Email: znakav@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5484-3826
SPIN-code: 6593-0668
Associate Professor of the Department of Instrumentation and Biomedical Engineering, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor
Russian Federation, Gagarin Square, 1, Rostov-on-Don, 344002, Rostov-on-DonElena Vyacheslavovna Koreeva
State Autonomous Institution of the Rostov region «Regional Consultative and Diagnostic Center»
Email: el.koreeva@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8808-9067
SPIN-code: 6783-4105
allergologist-immunologist
Russian Federation, Pushkinskaya str., 127, Rostov-on-Don, 344000References
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