Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HOLEP) for small, large and giant prostatic hyperplasia. Practice guidelines. Experience of more than 450 surgeries

Introduction and objectives. Most of modern endoscopic procedures (e.g., TURP) are only confined to small and medium-sized glands (up to 80 cm3), but not HoLEP, which allows to enucleate large and extremely large prostates (200 cm3). The aim of the study was to compare the efficiency of HoLEP for prostates of different sizes. Methods. A total of 459 patients were divided into three groups: Group 1 included 278 patients (prostate volume <100 cm3); mean prostate volume, 70.8±16.1 cm3; IPSS, 18.7+5.5; QoL, 4.1±0.5; Qmax, с ? ? ? ? -4. ? 6.2+1.5 mL/s; post-voided residual volume, 64.2+30.5 mL. Group 2 included 169 patients (prostate volume 100-200 cm3); mean prostate volume, 148.1+25.2 cm3; IPSS, 19.7+3.3; QoL, 4.2+0.7; Qmax, 5.9+0.7 mL/s; post-voided residual volume, 70.9+20.1 mL. Group 3 included 12 patients (prostate volume >200 cm3); mean prostate volume, 230.1+18.1 cm3; IPSS, 19.5+4.5; QoL, 4.1+0.3; Qmax, 4.7+0.9 mL/s; post-voided residual volume, 72.3+10.9 mL. All the patients underwent HoLEP from 2013 to 2015. For the prostate to be enucleated, a 100-W laser system, 550-micron end-fire fiber, and a morcellator for tissue evacuation were used. Results. The average duration of surgery in Group 1 was 56.5+10.7 min; in group 2, 96.4+24.9 min; in Group 3, 120.9+35 min. The average duration of morcellation in Group 1 was 37.5+7.3 min; in Group 2, 63.3+11.2 min; in Group 3, 84.0+25.6 min. The efficiency of enucleation in Group 3 (1.70 g/min) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in Group 1 (1.05 g/min) and Group 2 (1.23 g/min). Similar results were obtained for the efficiency of morcellation. It was lower in Group 1 and Group 2 (1.58 and 1.87 g/min, respectively) than in Group 3 (2.45 g/min) (p<0.05). In order to compare the long-term results of HoLEP for prostates of different sizes, all the 459 patients were followed up for 18 months. IPSS, Qmax, QoL, and post-voided residual volumes were measured. There were no significant differences (p> 0.05) in the postoperative outcomes for 1, 3, 6, 12, and 18 months after surgery. Conclusions. It follows from our two years’ experience that HoLEP is a safe, highly efficacious and a size-independent procedure, which is why it has become a new gold standard for treatment of extremely large prostatic hyperplasia in our clinic.

HoLEP, holmium laser enucleation of the prostate, laser, benign prostatic hyperplasia, bladder outlet obstruction