Predictors of therapy efficacy of immune response checkpoint inhibitors in clear cell renal cell carcinoma

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Abstract

Immunotherapy in oncologic diseases involves the use of drugs which stimulate the immune system and indirectly suppress tumor cells growth. These agents have expanded the treatment options for cancer patients. Despite the impressive success achieved in the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and subsequent approval in a broader spectrum of malignant tumors, most patients are not responded the therapy. Currently available predictive markers of efficacy are nonspecific. However, microRNAs are of particular interest, which regulate gene expression and are involved in the carcinogenesis and therapy resistance. Therefore, it is clear that for the most efficient and cost-effective use of ICIs, it is important to have validated biomarkers that will accurately predict the therapeutic response. The published results on molecular genetic changes in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) were analyzed and summarized in order to determine possible prognostic biomarkers when prescribing ICI therapy.

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About the authors

I. R. Gilyazova

Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Center, RAS; Bashkir State Medical University

Author for correspondence.
Email: gilyasova_irina@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9499-5632

Ph.D. in Biology, Associate Professor, Senior Research Fellow, the Head of the Laboratory of Molecular Genetics

Russian Federation, Ufa; Ufa

А. А. Izmailov

Republican Clinical Oncology Dispensary

Email: izmailov75@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8461-9243

Ph.D., MD, Associate Professor, Head Physician, Professor at the Department of Urology

Russian Federation, Ufa

D. D. Asadullina

Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Center, RAS; Bashkir State Medical University

Email: dilara.asadullina@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4911-8037

Ph.D. student, Junior Researcher at the Laboratory of Molecular Genetics

Russian Federation, Ufa; Ufa

E. A. Ivanova

Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Center, RAS

Email: lissa987@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7853-8658

Ph.D. in Biology, Research Fellow

Russian Federation, Ufa

V. N. Pavlov

Bashkir State Medical University

Email: vpavlov3@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2125-4897

Ph.D., MD, Professor, Rector, Head of the Department of Urology with the course of postgraduate education

Russian Federation, Ufa

E. K. Khusnutdinova

Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Center, RAS

Email: elzakh@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2987-3334

Doctor of Biological Science, Professor, Director, Head of the Department of Medical Genetics and Fundamental Medicine

Russian Federation, Ufa

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