No 3S (2016): Supplement

The acute uncomplicated cystitis in women is one of the most frequently diagnosed bacterial infection. A clinically symptomatic urinary tract infection must be differentiated from the asymptomatic bacteriuria, which is not considered an infection but rather a colonization which should not be treated. For the antimicrobial therapy according to the European guidelines the old oral antibiotics (fosfomycin trometamol, nitrofurantoin, pivmecillinam) should be prescribed, against which E. coli is still susceptible in over 90%. With new therapeutic concepts not mainly the elimination of bacteria but rather the treatment of the inflammatory (over)reaction of the host is highlighted. To establish the significance of these therapeutic options as compared to the standard antibiotic therapy, the results of the ongoing and planned phase 3 studies need to be awaited. Thus reliable clinical measuring parameters for diagnostics and outcome are needed. The acute cystitis symptom score (ACSS) was developed and validated in Russian and Uzbec languages. Because of its high reliability, validity and predictive value it can be used not only in daily practice but also for clinical studies for the diagnosis of an acute uncomplicated cystitis in women.

This review outlines characteristics of medications most commonly used for preventing recurrent lower urinary tract infection (UTI). It shows that the treatment and prophylaxis of UTI should be comprehensive and include the restoration of the normal urogenital tract anatomy and use in addition to antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs, agents, normalizing the function of the lower urinary tract, as well as drugs for local and systemic immunoprophylaxis, protection of the urothelium from recurrent infection, local hormone replacement therapy in menopause, and dietary supplements to acidify the urine.

The article discusses the possible etiological factors in the development of chronic bacterial prostatitis. The authors presented a comparative long-term analysis of morbidity from non-viral sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in Russia. Against the background of general decline in STIs incidence, a significant percentage of them is made up by urogenital trichomoniasis. The findings substantiated the advantages of combination therapy (ornidazole and ofloxacin) for bacterial urinary tract infections.