Modern algorithm of diagnosis and treatment of acute gestational pyelonephritis in a large industrial city

The purpose of the study: to develop a modern algorithm for the diagnosis and treatment of acute gestational pyelonephritis in a large industrial city and to study the possibilities of phytotherapy as an integral part of this algorithm. Materials and methods. The study consisted of two stages and included 629 patients treated over 12 years (2010-2021) in Perm city with a population of 1.1 million people. At the first stage, the developed algorithm for the diagnosis and treatment of acute gestational pyelonephritis in 440 pregnant women was tested. A city emergency center for patients with gestational pyelonephritis was created with 3 urologists and related specialists on duty around the clock, what accelerated hospitalization timelines by 2.1 times. The patients underwent a level 1 examination, which included ultrasound examination, urine bacteriology and other methods. Patients in serve condition underwent, a level 2 examination, which included magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound Dopplerography (USDG) and extended laboratory tests. Results. During an urgent examination, acute purulent pyelonephritis was diagnosed in 27 (6.1%) patients who underwent 13 open surgeries (11 organ-preserving, 2 nephroectomies) and 14 minimally invasive (percutaneous nephrostomy, puncture of a kidney abscess) within 2-5 hours from the moment of hospitalization. Serve obstructive pyelonephritis was diagnosed in 286 patients, the passage of urine was restored by the installation of a stent or catheterization of the ureter. Conservative antibacterial therapy was performed in 127 patients with serous non-obstructive pyelonephritis. Positive results of treatment were observed in 439 (99.8%) patients: recovery in 95%, significant improvement in 4.8%, with a mortality rate of 0.2%. Bed-day decreased by 30.4%. At the second stage, a comparative randomized study was conducted during 4 years with 189 pregnant women with acute serous pyelonephritis enrolled. In the group 1 (n=94) patients received standard therapy according to the implemented algorithm, in the group 2 (n=95) patients had 60-day use of Canephron N. In the group 2, treatment results were better: recovery was achieved in 96.8% of patients, improvement in 3.2%, the number of pregnant women with leukocyturia and bacteriuria decreased 4.1 times, which prevented the occurrence of repeated attacks of acute pyelonephritis. Compared with standard therapy, Canephron N increased glomerular filtration by 12,3%, diuresis by 14.2%, increased urea excretion function of the kidneys, sanitized the urinary tract at an earlier timelines, reduced the number of premature births and the birth of dead and premature babies. Conclusion. As a result of the development and implementation of an algorithm for the diagnosis and treatment of acute gestational pyelonephritis and creation of the treatment center for such patients, it was possible to reduce significantly the time of hospitalization and inpatient treatment and achieve good treatment results in 99.8% of patients. The inclusion of long-term phytotherapy with Canephron N in the treatment regimen increased the effectiveness of treatment, improved kidney function in patients, significantly reduced the number of pregnant women with leukocyturia and bacteriuria, and reduced the risk of a repeated attack of pyelonephritis.

Pathology of pregnancy, urinary tract infections, acute gestational pyelonephritis, diagnosis, treatment, surgical treatment, phytotherapy, Canephron N