Vestnik of Samara State Technical University. Technical Sciences Series

Over the past decade, many large Russian companies engaged in the field of design in various industries (oil and gas, aerospace, construction, energy, and others) have independently developed concepts for working in the field of information modeling. This process is closely related to the creation of digital models of objects, which in most cases are buildings, structures, vehicles, extended communications, and underground facilities. In each of these industries, the digital model of an object has specific properties that affect the process of working with it, as well as the process of its creation. The schedule of project work, the number of interesting employees, its quality characteristics, as well as the quality of the finished product depend on this process. The main problem of working with the digital model in the aircraft industry is the lack of structuring of this process, an insufficiently effective approach to organizing the process of interaction between individual departments of enterprises that create and modify it. To solve this problem, it is necessary to develop specific approaches to the design process that would take into account the features of digital models of aircraft industry facilities, ensure a high level of quality of the finished product and allow access to the model throughout the entire period of operation of the finished product. To unify the design process using a digital model within a single enterprise, it is necessary to develop a methodology for working with the model that would take into account all its specific features.

The analysis of the technological process of cooling ceramic bricks in a tunnel kiln as a control object with parameters distributed along the longitudinal coordinate is performed. It is revealed that the process under consideration has a significant effect on the strength of the finished brick, while research in the field of developing effective methods and means of controlling this stage is practically absent. In the course of the work, the following were determined: a vector of output coordinates, including the temperatures of the brick and cooling air and their gradients along the longitudinal coordinate of the kiln, a vector of control actions consisting of the flow rates of the supplied cooling air and the extracted air, a vector of disturbing actions - the temperature of the brick at the entrance to the cooling zone, the air supplied to the cooling zone, and the environment. A calculation scheme for the process of reducing the temperature of ceramic bricks has been developed taking into account an arbitrary number of points of supply and extraction of air to the cooling zone, which determines the number and size of its sections. Taking into account the accepted assumptions and simplifications, a mathematical description of the static mode of operation of the cooling zone with distributed supply and selection of the cooling agent was performed in the form of a system of non-homogeneous differential equations with the corresponding boundary conditions, which is problem-oriented towards the synthesis of automatic control systems. Their solution made it possible to determine the mathematical operators that link the output coordinates with the control and main disturbing effects. In the future, the results of the work can be used to create effective control systems for the brick cooling process, which will improve the quality of products and reduce energy costs for production.

The current task of increasing the energy efficiency of oil pumping stations (OPS) of main oil pipelines (MOP) is to reduce the consumption of electricity for pumping a unit of commercial product. Usually, this value is measured in kW*hours per ton of pumped oil. The value of specific energy consumption depends on many factors: the length of the oil pipeline, the rheological properties of the pumped oil, planned volumes, the pressure at the inlet and outlet of the oil pumping stations, and many other parameters.

For a separate section of the main oil pipeline and a fixed time period, usually during a month, many of the listed parameters change insignificantly or remain constant. For example, the properties of oil do not change during one month, since they are determined by a commercial contract.

An essential parameter determining specific power consumption is the pumping mode – the operating mode of the pumping units, determining their productivity and average power. Depending on the technological tasks, the operating modes are constantly changing in accordance with the specified schedule. As a rule, regulatory documents specify several fixed pumping modes. There can be from 5 to 10 such modes.

The task of optimizing pumping modes is to find the minimum of the objective function - specific electricity consumption for one calendar month of pipeline operation, provided that the pumping plan is met by optimally selecting the operating modes of the pumping station. The article describes the algorithm and results of the optimization calculation using the example of the operation of the «Transneft-Privolga» JSC oil pumping station, which made it possible to save on electricity costs while ensuring a given volume of oil pumping.

The paper presents a novel method for modeling autonomous low-capacity hot water boiler plants and their thermal loads. The proposed approach is based on representing the main elements of the thermal circuit (boiler, heat exchanger, heating, and domestic hot water consumers) as a group of interacting thermal masses and on using a system of differential equations to describe the heat transfer dynamics. The heat transfer coefficients between thermal masses are determined through steady-state analysis, taking into account boundary conditions on external energy flows. The computational implementation of the model was carried out in the MATLAB Simulink environment, with parameter identification based on real operational data from a boiler plant with two 1 MW boilers and 90% efficiency. In the computational experiment, both steady-state and dynamic tests were performed: heating of the boiler under nominal load and cooling after shutting off the heat carrier flow. The modeling results demonstrated a high degree of agreement with operational data (mean absolute temperature error was less than 0.5 °C), confirming the adequacy and reliability of the proposed method. The universality of the approach allows the model to be scaled to various equipment types and operating modes without significant increase in computational load. The proposed method can serve as an effective tool for engineering analysis, design, and subsequent optimization of heat supply systems, providing reductions in time and resource expenditures for experimental verification.