Visualization of tobacco mosaic virus by atomic force and electron microscopy

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Abstract

For nanoparticle synthesis, viruses have many advantages over other types of biomolecules, as they occur in a wide range of shapes and sizes and have diverse chemical functionalities. It is important that plant viruses are harmless to humans, and therefore are widely used in biotechnology. Tobacco mosaic virus is emerging as an interesting target for use as a nanotemplate and delivery vehicle due to its high aspect ratio, narrow size distribution, diverse biochemical functionalities on the surface, and compatibility through chemical conjugation. In addition, it is quite easy to synthesize tobacco mosaic virus, and its properties can be manipulated through genetic modification or heat treatment.

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About the authors

A. I. Akhmetova

Lomonosov Moscow State University

Author for correspondence.
Email: yaminsky@nanoscopy.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5115-8030

Cand. of Sci. (Physics and Mathematics), Junior Researcher, Physical department

Russian Federation, Moscow

N. A. Nikitin

Lomonosov Moscow State University

Email: yaminsky@nanoscopy.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9626-2336

Doct. of Sci. (Biology), Professor, Biological department

Russian Federation, Moscow

M. V. Arkhipenko

Lomonosov Moscow State University

Email: yaminsky@nanoscopy.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5575-602X

Cand. of Sci. (Biology), Senior Researcher, Biological department

Russian Federation, Moscow

O. V. Karpova

Lomonosov Moscow State University

Email: yaminsky@nanoscopy.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0605-9033

Doct. of Sci. (Biology), Head of Chair, Biological department

Russian Federation, Moscow

I. V. Yaminsky

Lomonosov Moscow State University

Email: yaminsky@nanoscopy.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8731-3947

Doct. of Sci. (Physics and Mathematics), Biological department

Russian Federation, Moscow

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2. Fig.1. TEM image of the tobacco mosaic virus. The sample contains both single 300 nm particles and structures up to 1 µm in length. The dark dots in the image are nanocrystals of phosphotungstic acid used as a contrast agent

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3. Fig.2. 2D- and 3D images of tobacco mosaic virus and a histogram of the height distribution of individual image points. The left protrusion on the histogram corresponds to the substrate points, the right one to the TMV particles. The distance between the protrusions indicates the observed height of the virus particles of about 15.5 nm

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4. Fig.3. 2D- and 3D images of the TMV. The left protrusion in the histogram corresponds to the substrate dots, the right one to the TMV particles. The distance between the protrusions indicates the observed height of the virus particles of about 14 nm

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5. Fig.4. 2D- and 3D images of the TMV after heating to 90 °C for 1 min. The left protrusion in the histogram corresponds to the substrate dots, the right protrusion corresponds to the TMV particles. The distance between the protrusions indicates an observed virus particle height of about 12 nm

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Copyright (c) 2024 Akhmetova A.I., Nikitin N.A., Arkhipenko M.V., Karpova O.V., Yaminsky I.V.

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