ROLE OF CIRCADIAN SYSTEM IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF METABOLIC DISORDERS


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Abstract

Modern concept of the mechanisms of regulation of metabolic processes by the circadian system is based on the hypothesis of British scientists E.M. Scott and P.J.Grant. They have suggested the violation of an ancient, evolutionarily fixed adaptation to seasonal environmental changes. It is estimated that violation of the seasonal and diurnal rhythms is an essential condition for the development of overweight, arterial hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Melatonin plays an important role in this system, and causes the rhythmic expression of clock genes (Clock/Bmal) in peripheral organs through their receptors (M1, M2, NMRs) and synchronizes physiological processes in human body with environmental conditions by impact on metabolism (glucose homeostasis, lipid synthesis, adipogenesis) and hemodynamic parameters (blood pressure (BP), procoagulant activity). Phenomenon of light constancy, which is not subject to seasonal and diurnal fluctuations, is of great importance in the structure of circadian disorders.

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