编号 1 (2017)

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is one of the most common allergic diseases. The article presents data on the prevalence, etiology, pathogenesis and principles of treatment of this disease.

The article analyzes the safety and efficacy of manufactured products of the «FrutoNyanya» brand for complementary feeding children with a predisposition to allergic diseases and in patients with a history of acute intestinal infection.

Organization of breastfeeding raises disputes. In clinical practice, there are common cases of low gain weight during the first month of life (less than 500 g), so, pediatricians prescribe supplementary feeding using infant formulas. At the same time, the need for such an approach and the importance of low gain weight during the first month of life remain controversial. The article presents the results of the evaluation of the dynamics of the physical development of breastfed infants depending on body weight gain during the first month of life.

Clinical significance of endotoxemia in the development of bronchial asthma (BA) was investigated in 70 children aged from 10 months to 15 years. Of them, 50 children had BA and 20 were healthy controls. Children with asthma had elevated plasma levels of endotoxin up to 0.90±0.34 EU/ml in atopic and 1.93±0.22 EU/ml in non-atopic form (p<0.001) depending on the period and severity of the disease. The presence of systemic endotoxemia in such cases is an indication for administering Enterosgel (polymethylsiloxane polyhydrate) as a part of the complex antiallergic therapy. This resulted in a 12.8-fold decrease in plasma endotoxin levels from 0.90±0.58 to 0.07±0.03 EU/ml, a 3-fold reduction of the exacerbation length and 25-30% improvement in respiratory function. This treatment approach is highly effective and can be used in managing bronchial asthma.

The article provides an overview of new data on the mechanisms of formation and approaches to the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD) in children. Recent research indicates that the prevention of the formation of AD can be achieved through early intervention to ensure the safety and effectiveness of the skin barrier. In children with debut of AD, it is necessary to provide therapy that will effectively control both local and systemic effects of immune activation. Early optimal therapeutic intervention can improve long-term results of AD treatment, and reduce systemic sensitization to allergens which leads to the formation of comorbid allergic respiratory diseases and gastrointestinal diseases.

The literature data suggest overdiagnosis of acute otitis media (AOM). The use of evidence-based clinical practice guidelines allows to accurately diagnose a disease and to avoid unjustified appointment of antibacterial drugs. Instrumental methods of diagnosis of AOM include pneumatic otoscopy, tympanometry, and spectral acoustic gradient reflectometry. Antibacterial and symptomatic therapy, including analgesics and antipyretics, eliminates general and local symptoms within 48-72 hours. Among the possible complications of AOM in children, special attention should be given to persistent loss of hearing because of great social significance in relation to the impact on language development and learning.